1. Mild to moderate hypophosphatemia can usually be managed with oral therapy.

2. The major symptom of the muscular abnormality in hypophosphatemia is weakness.

3. Therefore, as anticipated, hyperparathyroidism is regularly associated with hypophosphatemia, which is one of the diagnostic criteria of this disorder.

4. The recommended guidelines for the therapy of hypophosphatemia are given in Table 3-7.

5. The hallmark biochemical feature of refeeding syndrome is hypophosphatemia.

6. Taken in excess, aluminum - containing antacids cause hypophosphatemia, which may lead to metabolic bone disease.

7. Objective:To study the correlative clinical factors that causing hypophosphatemia in postoperative patients of general surgery.

8. The possible etiologies of the hypophosphatemia include decreased phosphate intake, cellular redistribution of phosphate and increased renal excretion.

9. Other causes of hemolytic lesion include hypophosphatemia, exposure to toxins such as lead, infections such as ehrlichiosis or babesiosis, and rarely, neonatal isoerythrolysis.

10. There are no well-established empirical guidelines for the intravenous treatment of moderate hypophosphatemia.

11. A fundamental principle of treatment is to first diagnose the cause of the hypophosphatemia.

12. Objctive To look into the causes; diagnose and treatment approach of hypophosphatemia when surgical critical ill patients received TPN.

13. They initially presented with hypothermia, severe dehydration, acute renal injury, rhabdomyolysis, severe hypophosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, and low T3 syndrome.

14. Objective To improve the recognition and diagnosis of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH).

15. The change of structure and function of erythrocytic membrane skeleton could be concluded that the most important factor in hemoglobinuria due to hypophosphatemia.

16. Objective To study the relation between postoperative total parenteral nutrition(TPN) and hypophosphatemia and relation between hypophosphatemia and infection following gastrointestinal damage.