1. Both species differ also in their achenes and bracts.

2. The achenes of Sagittaria species differ from those of Echinodorus species by not being ribbed.

3. Achene body glabrous or subglabrous.

4. The micromorphological characters of achene epidermis of the subgenus are varied, can provide numerous informations for systematic study.

5. The achene epidermis of 15 species of Carex subgenus Indocarex was observed with SEM.

6. Other achene with bristles can attach on animals for travel.

7. Lin Xue deficiency: limb pain, dried achene, acromegaly dishes, gangrenous ulcers can be seen,[sentencedict .com] one's healing.

8. It is described here as an achene because it is indehiscent, as opposed to a typical, dehiscent follicle.

9. It is similar to an ACHENE except that the ovary wall is fused with the seed coat.

10. Leaf blade lobes and lobules contiguous or overlapping. Sepals 7 or 8, white. Achene body glabrous or subglabrous.

11. In the natural habitat, the mucilaginous layer holds sand particles to the achene thereby increasing the achene weight even further.

12. Female perianth lobes unequal, largest lobe cymbiform , 1/2 as long as achene.

13. It is therefore suggested that the relatively high level of ABA in the pericarp and testa is the major cause of the achene dormancy.