1. We have advocated initial endoscopic stenting for bile duct strictures after open cholecystectomy.

2. This can progress to bile duct destruction, biliary cirrhosis, and sometimes cholangiocarcinoma.

3. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is now the primary treatment for bile duct stones in most clinical contexts, whether emergency or elective.

4. Remarkably, previous abdominal ultrasound showed non-dilated intrahepatic bile ducts despite the presence of major bile duct injury in four patients.

5. Before the availability of endoscopic bile duct intervention surgical treatment was the usual approach to management.

6. Our technique and results of endoscopic treatment of bile duct injury after open cholecystectomy have been described in detail elsewhere.

7. In general, a large proportion of bile duct injuries can be attributed to the learning experience of the surgeon.

8. All four patients with complete bile duct transection were treated with a proximal hepaticojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y jejunal loop.

9. According to our experience, the severity of bile duct injuries seems to be changed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

10. Patients presenting with obstructive jaundice caused by bile duct stricture may be managed by either surgery or stenting.

11. Ultrasound scanning may show thickening of the bile ducts and less often provides evidence of bile duct stricturing and/or dilatation.

12. A bile duct disease called primary sclerosing cholangitis.

13. Obstruction of the bile duct is associated with cholangitis.

14. In addition, bile duct antrum but outspread.

15. NAS were most prevalent in the extrahepatic bile duct.

16. In case of difficult common bile duct cannulation of ERCP, precut sphincterotomy to be an effective and safe technique.

17. Hepatic histopathological examination showed proliferation of bile duct and fibrous connective tissue, obvious increase of hepatic cell oncosis and liver cell cord derangement in BDL group.

18. A straight 10 F endoprosthesis was used in the five patients with a bile duct stricture distal to the stones.

19. In patients in whom the procedure is successful 4.4-9.8% will develop bile duct stenosis, new stone formation or both.

20. Laparotomy was carried out under ether anesthesia and cannulation of the bile duct was performed for continuous bile collection.

21. The overall contribution of exfoliative bile cytology to the diagnosis of bile duct strictures is shown in Figure 3.

22. It is usually as effective as surgery in treating bile duct stones and involves a shorter hospital stay.

23. It has not yet been well defined, whether a similar approach is justified for bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

24. Cannulation and contrast injection of an occluded, and often already infected, bile duct may precipitate overt cholangitis or septicaemia.

25. Linda suffers from biliary atresia, an abnormality in which the bile duct is blocked.

26. Objective :To evaluate the value of multislice CT cholangiography(MSCTC) through drainage-tube in patients with bile duct obstruction pre-operation.

27. Mechanical obstruction may require operation for repair of common bile duct stricture or for gallstones.

28. MethodsThe clinical data of 75 cases who underwent LCDE with suture needle puncture and discission of bile duct in our department during the past 2 years were analyzed retrospectively.

29. Solid part are enhanced lightly during arterial phase,[/bile duct.html] the area of cystoid variation and necrosis are no enhanced. 2 cases have non-dilated bile duct of liver inside and outside.

30. Especially, we have demonstrated S-100 protein in eosinophilic adenoma and medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland, adenocarcinoma of bile duct and bronchiolar adenocarcinoma.

31. In an early embryo, a bile canaliculus has been found. A bile duct is evolved from original hepatic cell.

32. Conclusion In cases of intrahepatic cholelith complicated by bile duct stricture surgery combined with hepatic segmentectomy should be the therapy of choice.

33. Objective To probe into the surgical operation method of restoring incommodious bile duct by gallbladder one (lamella) with cystic artery.

34. Methods:analysis and sum up the result with a bile duct detection technique after the operation of 48 choledochotomy.

35. Common bile duct laceration was noted at laparotomy and was successfully treated by choledochotomy and T-tube stent.

36. Objective : To discuss the pathogenesis and the treatment of the benign stricture of the bile duct in porta hepatis.

37. To study of endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST ) in patients with stricture of common bile duct post cholecystectomy.

38. Objective To explore the feasibility and minimally invasive value of laparoscopic choledochotomy with exploration and choledocholithotomy and primary suture of common bile duct.

39. Top right: Double gallbladder with independent cystic duct entering the common bile duct.

40. The gallbladder is attached to the common bile duct and acts as a storage reservoir.

41. Methods Clinic and follow-up results were reviewed in 20 patients with refractory bile duct stones who were treated by Swiss LITHOCLAST with chola ngioscopy.

42. Cholelithiasis refers to the formation of coagulum in bile duct tree, which is the most common digestive diseases in clinic, The incidence of cholelithiasis is rising in recent years.

43. Conclusion operation time of bile duct operation might be before portal hypertensionforming.

44. Objective To avoid the happen of negativity common bile duct exploration.

45. Objective To investigate the phenotypic change and proliferation of fibroblasts in human inflammatory strictured bile duct wall.

46. Methods 30 patients of iatrogenic bile duct injury were reviewed and analyzed during recent 9 years.

47. Using the sacculus conduit to expand and using the YAG laser to repair the limited bile duct.

48. During hospitalization, upright chest x-ray was normal for two times and B ultrasoundshowed no abnormality in liver, bile duct, spleen, kidney, uterine tube, bladder and thyroid.

49. To investigate the effects and safety of precut sphincterotomy in difficult common bile duct cannulation of ERCP.

50. By the interlobular vein, the interlobular bile duct are composed the hepatic duct area.

51. Methods Incommodious bile duct was restored by making gallbladder one (lamella) with cystic artery into half- cannular or cannular gallbladder one (lamella).

52. Methods: 103 cases of iatrogenic bile duct damage were reviewed and analyzed in this paper.

53. Objective : To evaluate the clinical application of common bile duct exploration with choledochoscope for choledocholithiasis.

54. Conclusions Normal bile duct possesses good endurance to 192 Ir - internal irradiation.

55. When baicalin or baicalein was perfused alone after the ligation of the bile duct, the concentrations of baicalein or baicalin were increased in the perfusate respectively.

56. Gallbladder polypi and gallbladder stones have lots of differences with common bile duct stones in conjugated bile acids.

56. is a sentence dictionary, on which you can find excellent sentences for a large number of words.

57. Laparoscopy combined with cholelith endoscopy is effective and minimally invasive treatment for patients, and the skill is an ideal choice for cure complicated bile duct stones at present.

58. There were hepatic subcapsular hematoma 97 cases, laceration 95 cases, parenchymal hematoma 35 cases, bile duct injury 15 cases and hemoperitoneum 107 cases.

59. Methods: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, T duct drainage or primary suture were used.

60. Conclusions The key to prevent recurrent angiocholitis and reduce the reoperation rate is to relieve biliary tract stricture, remove the focus of infection and provide unobstructed bile duct drainage.

61. ConclusionsThe technique of suture needle puncture and discission of bile duct is a simple, effective and safe method for laparoscopic common duct exploration.

62. This study reports our first year's experience of endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones.

63. CONCLUSION: The malignant disease is the main cause of bile duct stricture in porta hepatis. Meanwhile, imaging techniques can help to make accurate diagnosis of this disease.

64. Objective:To study destructive damage of bile duct of hepatic artery embolization in treatment of hepatic cavernous haemangioma .

65. Conclusion Surgery was the main method for the treatment of hepatic hydatid bile duct fistula.

66. Objective To explore the effect of 3 DCRT on Bile Duct Cancer.

67. Bile is introduced into the duodenum by the bile duct.

68. Objective To explore the value of choledochofiberscope for removal remnant stones of bile duct after bilestone operation.

69. Conclusion The most important prognostic factors for bile duct carcinoma after resection were lymph node metastasis, pancreatic infiltration and perineural infiltration.

70. Objective To Summarize the cause of bile duct injury resulting from cholecystectomy via celioscopy, and to find out the ways to its treatment and prevention.

71. Results:10cases(62.5%)of iatrogenic bile duct injuries were caused by cholecystectomy, 4(25.0%)by cholecystectomy and choledochus exploration, 2(12.5%)by other abdominal operation.

72. Methods The clinical data of 18 patients with bile duct injury resulting from cholecystectomy via celioscopy, who were admitted to the hospital in the recent seven years, were reviewed.

73. Methods A retrospective research on which 706 cases of remained bilestone were treated with bile duct fibroscope.

74. Resuhs we found with duodenoscopy to treat bile duct stones is the best operation.

75. AIM: To summarize the causes of bile duct stricture in porta hepatis and probe into the diagnostic values of imaging techniques.

76. Methods Clinical data of 27 patients with iatrogenic bile duct injury were retrospectively analyzed.

77. Case 4~6 present anatomic variation of bile duct, but no related complications occurred.

78. Results The specific characteristics of 14 cholangiocarcinoma patients showed that there was obviously difference compared with the screenage of cyst of bile duct.

79. The phenotype of fibroblasts in inflammatory strictured bile duct wall changed obviously, quiescent fibroblasts were activated and transformed to myofibroblasts, with massive proliferation.

80. Intrahepatic bile duct stones with recurrent cholangitis are suspected to have caused the hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm.

81. Method The clinical data of 9 patients with bile duct injury resulting from cholecystectomy via celioscopy, who were admitted to the hospital in the recent seven years(), were reviewed.

82. Cholecystectomy bile duct stone remnants of the re - operation is safe and effective.

83. Endoscopic ultrasound rendezvous for bile duct access using a transduodenal approach: cumulative experience at a single center.

84. Conclusions Pancreatic invasion, perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis were the most important prognostic factors for bile duct carcinoma after curative resection.

85. Microscopically, extrahepatic biliary atresia leads to this appearance in the liver, with numerous brown-green bile plugs, bile duct proliferation (seen at lower center), and extensive fibrosis.

86. Serous glands and intrahepatic bile duct epithelia presented mucous metaplasia. The mucosa of gallbladder was intact on the whole and appeared slight mucous metaplastic change.

86. try its best to collect and create good sentences.

87. Conclusions The oval cells originate from bile duct of the periportal regions.

88. Objective To study the effect of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration via choledochotomy and T tube drainage.

89. Conclusion To extract stones with choledochofiberscope via T-tube sinus is a safe and effective method that can be used to remove the remnant stones of bile duct after bilestone operation.

90. Hepatic artery break off, false aneurysm, contrast medium overflow and bile duct display were the typical angiographic signs of the patients with massive hemobilia.

91. Conclusions C. sinensis infection can damage the liver, bile duct and cholecyst , and that may be one of factor to induce cancers of liver and bile duct.

92. Cholecyst lies in right endite, bile duct and hepatic duct converge choledochus, hepatic duct is compiled by small hepatic duct of every lobe.

93. Conclusions JDD influences bile duct diameter, and is an important causative factor in the formation of choledocholithiasis.

94. Results: The direct manifestations included bile duct truncation in 9 cases, irregular eccentrical or endocentric narrow in 9 cases, and irregular filling defect in 1 case.

95. Method:Rat cholestatic cirrhosis was duplicated by ligation of bile duct.

96. Objective:To summarize the experience of treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones by laparoscopy combined with duodenoscopy in the last two years.

97. Conclusion The affusion-test is utility method to diagnose the distal common bile duct injury in operation.

98. Objective To explore the method and effect of primary closure of choledochostomy with placement of a modified biliary stent after common bile duct exploration.

99. Objective To evaluate the effects of surgical treatment with hepatic segmentectomy or with bile duct stone removal in patients with intrahepatic cholelith.

100. Under constant intravenous infusion of taurocholate to keep the bile acid pool steady, the effect of LHA injection of TRH on bile secretion was studied in rats with acute bile duct fistulae.

101. Endoscopic stone extraction included movable stones that could be returned into common bile duct and irremovable stones that should be intubated and extracted aided by EST (endoscopic sphincterotomy).

102. Objective To establish a human bile duct carcinoma model on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and study its morphological and biological properties.

103. Methods: The clinical data of 91 cases iatrogenic bile duct injury had been analysed retrospectively.

104. Bile continually secreted from the cells of the liver into the common bile duct and gallbladder.

105. Results(1)Jaundice was usually the first symptom in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Other symptom included abdominal hidden pain(49.5%), atony(30.6%), fleshless(27.2%)and inappetence(13.1%).

106. Methods Form June 1993 to August 2003, 28 unresectable extra-hepatic bile duct carcinoma treated by radiochemotherapy were analyzed. There were 13 gallbladder carcinoma and 15 bile duct carcinoma.

107. Another 64 - year - old male was referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography because of common bile duct dilatatin in sonography.

108. Bile duct hamartoma is a rare hepatic tumor in adults.

109. Objective To discuss the surgical therapeutic approach to medium-term and advanced bile duct carcinoma in porta hepatis.

110. Conclusion: CT scan can well show cholangiectasis, the outline of obstructed bile duct and the invasion to the surrounding tissue.

111. Objective To discuss the surgical therapeutic approach medium - term and advanced bile duct carcinoma in porta hepatis.

112. By the pathologic study from the liver biopsy , it confirmed the diagnosis of bile duct hamartoma.

113. Methods :Common bile duct stones 118 cases, ascarid of bile duct 46 cases, injury bile tract during LC 6 cases.

114. Conclusion It has important meaning for certain flow volume and oxygen content blood to keep PBP perfusion and satisfy oxygen requirement of bile duct wall tissue.

115. Objective To observe the bacterioflora of bile and it' s drugs sensitivity in patients with bile duct diseases to serve as a guidance in medication.

116. Objective To investigate the preventive measures and the and treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injury.

117. Conclusion The left hepatic lobe resection of intrahepatic bile duct stones satisfaction with long-term effects.

118. Main surgical treatments of bile duct reoperation included lobar resection (66%) with RouxenY hepaticojejunostomy and Ttube drainage.

119. The entire extrahepatic bile duct can not be visualized in all cases.

120. This combination of three kinds of endoscopies for treatment of common bile duct stones with acute choledochitis is useful with few complications,[http:///bile duct.html] it is worthy of generalization.

121. No bile duct laceration happened during dilation, and no bile leakage or mortality after operation.

122. Objective : To investigate the safety of primary closure of common bile duct after laparoscopic exploration.

123. The gall - stone that is born at bile duct how cure?

124. Objective To summarize the experience of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration ( LCDE ).

125. In this report,[/bile duct.html] microflora in GI tract and bacteria within bile duct and mesenteric lymphonodus in rat hepatic failure model was in investigated with a quantitative bacteria culture method.

126. Objective:To evaluate intestinal canal function in patients who underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)and open common bile duct exploration(OCBDE)for choledocholithiasis.

127. Objective To investigate the effect of lithoclasty plus basket in exploration of common bile duct by cholangioscopy and the main technical points.

128. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCDE) with primary duct closure is a new clinical technique of managing choledocholithiasis .

129. Methods From 1998-2002, in our hospital 32 cases received the duodenoscopy to treat bile duct stones were retrospectively and lyzed.

130. Objective To explore how to improve the curative effects and reduce the complications of duodenoscopy in the treatment of bile duct diseases.

131. Objective To study the protective effect of tea oil which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acid on the heart in the common bile duct ligated rats.

132. Conclusion After biliary exploration application of combined choledochoscope and duodenoscopy is a safe, effective and minimally-invasive approach for treating benign terminal bile duct stricture.

133. Metheods Laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct with choledochoscopy via choledochotomy was performed in 105 patients, T tube was placed in all patients with laparoscopic suturing technique.

134. ConclusionRepairing transection lesion in iatrogenic bile duct by using ligamenta teres hepatic is ideal and physiologic fitting.

135. Objective To investigate the microvascular changes of hepatohilar bile duct after portal vein arterialization (PVA) in rats.

136. Methods The remnant stones of bile duct after bilestone operation were performed to extract repetitiously by choledochofiberscope via T-tube sinus.

137. Conclusion This operation manner can avoid of bile duct injury.

138. Lobe or segment hepatectomy together with hepatic bile duct or hilar biliary duct-jejunostomy is the best choice for treatment of calculus in hepatobiliary ducts complicated with stricture.