1. Their characteristic ionic charge is 2 +.

2. A possible ionic charge state distributions of He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S and Fe in solar energetic particle events is presented in this paper.

3. These mechanisms are the internal displacement of the ionic charge,(sentence dictionary) the internal displacement of the electronic charge and the charge in ionicity due to strain.

4. The ionic charge of the particles in the fatliquor emulsion as well as the charge on the leather are important in considering its combination with the leather.

5. The ionic radius varies among the elements depending on atomic number and ionic charge of the ion.

6. According to the periodic table, we selected 16 kinds of metal ions with different ionic charge, radius and electron shell structure in research.

7. Image-Retention Phenomenon, which exists in different kinds of LCDs is mostly caused by Ionic Charge Effect.

8. The writer holds such an opinion that there is a layer of ionic charge around the colloidal particles in the electrolyte, the thickness of the charge depends on temperature and particle concentration.

9. The motive force that drives each of the analytes in CE is a function of each analyte's ionic charge, the ion's "mobility" in the buffer and the electrical potential across the capillary.

10. However, we found that the proline accumulation in the detached leaves had no relationship with the radius and the ionic charge of metal.

11. The interactions of incident clusters with surfaces are elucidated in terms of surface migration ability and ionic charge for understanding the mechanisms of structure formation.