1 In summary, we report a case of a retroperitoneal pancreatic pseudocyst causing distal bilateral ureteric obstruction and bilateral hydronephrosis.

2 Pleural effusion associated with retroperitoneal urinary leakage is unusual.

3 Excepts renicapsule tumors, most retroperitoneal tumors were malignant ones.

4 Methods:39 urologic patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery.

5 Varicocelectomy retroperitoneal approach with ligation of both testicular vein trunci and the artery has the advantage of a decreased persistence rate.

6 Recently, many extrathoracic locations, including kidney and retroperitoneal soft tissue, hae been described.

7 Objective:To discuss the treatment of ureteral calculi by retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.

8 Two were obtained from macaque monkeys affected with retroperitoneal fibromatosis, the other from human AIDS patients affected with Kaposi's sarcoma.

9 Those retroperitoneal collateral circulation can resenable those periesophageal varices as lobulated masses.

10 Methods The clinical records of 12 patients with retroperitoneal paraganglioma admitted in Wuhan General Hospital, Guangzhou Command, from January 1994 to December 2003 were analyzed.

11 Objective:To explore the security and efficacy of retroperitoneal middle and upper ureterolithotomy by laparoscope and cystoscope.

12 A minority of retroperitoneal liposarcomas may, either at the time of initial diagnosis or at the time of local recurrence, contain nodule(s) of non- lipogenic sarcomatous elements.

13 Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment for retroperitoneal nonchro-maffin paraganglioma.

14 A primary retroperitoneal teratoma a relatively rare disease in adults.

15 Objective: To retrospect the domestic status of diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF).

16 Objective To explore the reason and treatment of short bowel syndrome after retroperitoneal multiple neurofibromatosis operation.

17 Objective To study the CT appearances of mediastinal and retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma in children.

18 Methods:A retrospective search of 48 cases who were diagnosed pathologically as primary malignant retroperitoneal lymphoma during 1995-2005 in our hospital.

19 Objective To study the feasibility and safety of home-made single-port retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for tuberculous non-functioning kidneys.

20 Purpose:To study the value of DSA in treating portal hypertension by subtotal splenectomy with retroperitoneal splenic trans position and devascularization.

21 Method: A review of data from 6 cases of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy and 36 cases of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy was undertaken.

22 Subsequent contrast-enhanced CT and MRI determined it to be of retroperitoneal origin, consistent with a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.

23 Aim : To investigate the etiology and diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal abscesses after cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy.

24 Conclusions The prognosis of the patients with epithelial ovarian cancer may be influenced by age, stage, residual tumor, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy and the number of courses of chemotherapy.

25 We report a right scrotal abscess due to a preceding retroperitoneal abscess originating from retrocecal appendicitis.

26 ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the clinical features and outcomes of 18 patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF).

27 Objective To compare and evaluate the clinical value among retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy and open adrenalectomy for the treatment of adrenal tumours.

28 We report the case of a 65-year-old woman with newly diagnosed polymyositis and suspected thymoma who suffered from spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage.

29 A 13 - year - old boy with rupture of retroperitoneal teratoma due to blunt abdominal trauma is presented.

30 Results Multivariate analysis showed that the age, stage, residual tumor, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy and the number of courses of chemotherapy were the most important prognostic factors.

31 This report presents a case of lymphangi-oleiomyomatosis in bilateral lungs, kidneys, liver, retrocrural space and retroperitoneal space without stigmata of tuberous sclerosis.

32 However, retroperitoneal well- differentiated liposarcomas are slow-growing, very large, not encapsulated and very difficult to resect completely due to infiltrative borders.

33 Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy for duplex kidney.

34 CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy is a viable operative method for benign functional or non-functional adrenal masses.

35 Anatomical ret roperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (ARA) was developed on the basis of the advanced clinical anatomical study of retroperitoneal organs and structures.

36 Objective To study the recurrent mechanism and prognosis of primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma.

37 Combined therapy, including radical orchiectomy (RO), retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and chemotherapy, was given.

38 Results: Radical nephrectomy was done in 206 cases, radical nephrectomy combined with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was done in 28 cases.

39 Conclusion: The retroperitoneal route is better than transperitoneal route for laparoscopic adrenalectomy in our experience.

40 Objective:To investigate the treatment of advantage, disadvantage, and indication by improved retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy compared with open ureterolithotomy.

41 Objective To study the mechanism of recurrence and metastasis of primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma and its prognosis.

42 Shortly after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure , right - sided pneumothorax , subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, and mediastinal emphysema were noted.

43 Objective : To study the biological behavior and strategy of diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal liposarcoma.

44 Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after radical inguinal orchiectomy is unnecessary in patients without CT evidence of nodal involvement.

45 Methods From 1994 to 1999,3 cases of retroperitoneal abscesses that occurred in cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy were reviewed.

46 We present an unusual case of pain after total hip arthroplasty due to a large retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to acetabular cup irritation of the iliopsoas tendon.

47 Objective To summarize the clinical experience of retroperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors.

48 Tumor excision, epididymectomy , orchidoepididymectomy and radical orchidoepididymectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection were used in 16, 8, 1, and 2 patients, respectively.

49 Objective To approach the diagnosis and operation timing of retroperitoneal haematoma( RH ).

50 Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) under CT guidance to ablate retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal metastatic lymph nodes.

51 We report the CT findings in a 32 - year - old man with retroperitoneal liposarcoma complicated with intratumoral hemorrhage.

52 Objective: To explore the effective methods of surgical drainage to peripancreatic and retroperitoneal abscess in severe acute pancreatitis.

53 Complications in the most common microscopic hematuria, 48 patients(98%), 11 cases of perirenal small hematoma, 2 cases of perienal big hematoma, 1 case retroperitoneal hematoma.

54 Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of urethral resectoscopy and retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with open surgical nephroureterectomy.

55 Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of retroperitoneal laparoscopic vs open nephrectomy.

56 We present a male mature newborn infant with a retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma proven by autopsy.

57 Objective To compare and evaluate the clinical value among transperitoneal(), retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy and open adrenalectomy for the treatment of adrenal tumours.

58 Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery in the management of adrenal glands, kidney, varicocele and chyluria diseases.

59 Methods:260 patients, who suffered disease of adrenal glands, kidneys, ureter or bladders, were treated with laparoscopic surgery by retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approach.