| 单词 | lay |
| 释义 | lay1 /leɪ/ verb 1.the past tense of lie1 lie1的过去式→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpuslay• She laid $10 on the favorite, Golden Boy.• It does little more than lay a foundation of principles.• She lay against the pillows, her whole body numb.• He lay down against a wall.• He was laid down on brittle pampas grass and then manhandled by the creatures.• Moyers laid his case before the public.• She unfolded the map and laid it on the table.• Hey, I told him to lay off of me in practice.• Before you start packing, lay out all the clothes on the bed.• There had been long weeks when he lay sunk in gloom and introspection.• Farley laid the gun down and surrendered.• He laid the money on the table as they walked out to the stoop.• Turtles lay their eggs on the beach at night.• It was as if a fall lay within her that she wasn't able to make.Related topics: Birdslay2 ●●● S1 W2 verb (past tense and past participle laid /leɪd/) 1 put SB/STH down 把某人/某物放下 [transitive always + adverb/preposition]PUT to put someone or something down carefully into a flat position 安放，放置 SYN place He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把一只手搭在我的肩上。 They laid a wreath at the place where so many people died. 他们在这么多人丧生的地方放了一个花圈。 Lay the material flat on the table. 把布料平铺在桌上。► see thesaurus at put2 lay bricks/carpet/concrete/cables etc PUTto put or fasten bricks, a carpet etc in the correct place, especially on the ground or floor 砌砖/铺地毯/铺水泥/铺设电缆等 The carpet was laid last week. 地毯是上个星期铺的。 The project involved laying an oil pipeline across the desert. 这个工程包括铺设一条穿越沙漠的输油管道。3 bird/insect etc 鸟/昆虫等 [intransitive, transitive]HBB if a bird, insect etc lays eggs, it produces them from its body 下(蛋)；产(卵) The flies lay their eggs on decaying meat. 苍蝇在腐肉上产卵。 A cuckoo is able to lay in a range of different nests. 杜鹃能在许多个不同的鸟巢里下蛋。4 table 餐桌 [transitive] British EnglishDF to put the cloth, plates, knives, forks etc on a table, ready for a meal 摆放〔餐具〕 SYN set John was laying the table. 约翰正在摆放餐具。 As she spoke, she was laying him a place at the table. 她一边说，一边给他在餐桌上摆放餐具。5 lay the foundations/groundwork/base to provide the conditions that will make it possible for something to happen or be successful 打基础lay the foundations/groundwork/base for Mandela helped lay the foundations for a new democratic South Africa. 曼德拉为建立新的民主南非打下了基础。 It was an invention which laid the foundations of modern radio technology. 这一发明为现代无线电技术奠定了基础。6 give information 提供信息 [transitive] formalACCUSE to make a statement, give information etc in an official or public way 提出，提交 SYN put Several proposals have been laid before the committee. 数项建议已提交委员会。7 lay emphasis/stress on something EMPHASIZE formal to emphasize something because you believe it is very important 强调某事物 a political philosophy that lays great stress on individual responsibility 着重强调个人责任的政治哲学8 lay a hand/finger on somebody [usually in negatives] to touch someone with the intention of hurting them 对某人动手 I swear I didn’t lay a finger on him. 我发誓我没有对他动过一根手指头。 If you lay one hand on me, I’ll scream. 你要是碰我一下，我就要叫了。9 lay something bare/open a) to show what something is really like, or stop hiding facts, feelings etc 使某事暴露 Every aspect of their private life has been laid bare. 他们私生活的每一个方面都暴露无遗。 b) to remove the thing that is covering or hiding something else 使某物露出 When the tide goes out, vast stretches of sand are laid bare. 潮水退去，露出大片大片的沙地。10 lay somebody/something open to something RISKto do something that makes it possible for other people to blame you, criticize you etc 使某人/某物受到责备[批评]lay yourself open to something By doing that, he laid himself open to ridicule. 他那么做招来了大家的嘲笑。 Not to have taken action would have laid the department open to charges of negligence. 要是当初这个部门没有采取行动，肯定会招来玩忽职守罪的指控。11 lay waste something (also lay waste to something) formal to destroy or damage something, especially in a war 〔尤指战争中〕把某物摧毁[夷为平地] The island was laid waste and abandoned. 岛上已经变成一片废墟，荒无人烟。 an attack which laid waste to hundreds of villages 把数百个村庄夷为平地的一次进攻12 lay plans/a trap etc PLANto carefully prepare all the details of something 制订计划/设圈套等 We are laying plans now in order to be successful in the future. 我们现在作好打算，为的是将来取得成功。the best-laid plans (=plans that have been made carefully) 安排周密的计划，最好的打算 Bad weather can upset even the best-laid travel plans. 天气不好，再好的旅行计划也会被打乱。13 lay claim to (doing) something to say that something belongs to you or say that you deserve something 声称对某物的拥有权；声称有权做某事 The town can lay claim to having the oldest theatre in Britain. 这个镇可以说是拥有英国最古老的剧院。 No one has laid claim to the property. 还没有人来认领此物。14 lay siege to somebody/something a) if a group of people lay siege to a place, they try to get control by surrounding it 包围[围困]某人/某物 The armies laid siege to Vienna in 1529. 1529年，军队围攻维也纳。 b) to do everything you can to get someone to talk to you or notice you 包围某人〔指企图跟某人说话或引起注意〕 A group of young men were always at the stage door, trying to lay siege to the girls. 总有一群青年男子聚集在剧场后门，想方设法与那些女孩子搭讪。15 HAVE SEX 发生性行为get laid informalSEX/HAVE SEX WITH to have sex with someone 与…性交 All he wants to do is go out and get laid. 他一心就想着出去和女人上床。16. lie 平躺 [intransitive] spoken to be in a position in which you are flat – some people consider this use to be incorrect 平躺〔有些人认为此用法错误〕 SYN lie17 risk money 赌钱 [transitive] especially British EnglishRISK to risk an amount of money on the result of a race, sports game etc 押〔赌注〕；用…打赌 SYN betlay something on something She laid £50 on the favourite, Golden Boy. 她在大热门赛马“金童”身上押了50英镑。lay money (that) I’d lay money that he will go on to play for England. 我敢打赌他会继续为英格兰队效力。18 lay somebody/something on the line a) INSISTto state something, especially a threat, demand, or criticism, in a very clear way 明确表明某事〔尤指威胁、要求或批评〕 Lay it on the line and tell them what’s really been happening. 你就实话实说，把真相告诉他们。 b) (also put somebody/something on the line)RISK to risk losing your life, your job etc, especially in order to help someone 〔尤指为了帮助别人而〕冒…的风险 I’ve laid myself on the line for him once already. 我已经冒风险帮过他一回了。19 lay something at the door of somebody/something (also lay something at somebody’s door) to blame something or someone for something 把某事归咎于某人/某事 The continued divisions within the party cannot be laid entirely at his door. 党内一直存在分歧，不能把责任完全推到他的头上。 Many illnesses are being laid at the door of stress. 许多疾病被认为是压力造成的。20 lay somebody low a) ILLif an illness lays someone low, they are unable to do their normal activities for a period of time 令某人病倒be laid low with something She’s been laid low with flu for a week. 她因流感病了一星期。n Grammar Lay low is usually passive in this meaning. b) literaryHIT to make someone fall down, or injure them seriously 把某人击倒；使某人重伤21 lay somebody to rest formal to bury someone after they have died 安葬某人 She was laid to rest beside her husband. 她被安葬在她丈夫身边。 → lay/put something to rest at rest1(10)22. lay the ghost (of something) GET RID OFto finally stop being worried or upset by something from the past 摆脱(某事的)阴影 → lay your hands on something at hand1(18), → lay the blame on somebody/something at blame2, → put/lay your cards on the table at card1(13)5 GRAMMAR 语法: lay, lie• The verb lay always has an object, except in sense 3. Its basic meaning is ‘put something down on something’. 除义项3之外，动词lay均需有一个宾语。 其基本义为 “放置(某物)”She lays a silk cloth over the table.她将一块真丝台布铺在桌上 。• The verb lie does not have an object. Its basic meaning is ‘be or get into a horizontal position somewhere’. 动词lie不带宾语。 其基本义为 “平放在某处”She was lying (NOT 不说 laying) on her back.她仰卧着。Lie down here for a while.在这儿躺一会儿。• Lay is also the past tense of lie. lay也是lie的过去式I lay on the bed and tried to relax.我躺在床上，想放松一下。• The past tense of lay is laid. lay的过去式是 laidShe laid the baby on the bed.她把宝宝放到床上。n GRAMMAR: Comparisonlay• You lay something somewhere: She lays a lace cloth over the table. ✗Don’t say: She lies a lace cloth over the table.• You lay someone somewhere: Lay him down gently.• Lay is also the past tense of lie: I lay on the bed. ✗Don’t say: I laid on the bed.lie• Someone lies somewhere: She was lying on her back.Let’s just lie here for a while. ✗Don’t say: She was laying on her back. | Let’s just lay here for a while.• The past tense of lie is laid: She laid the baby in its cot. ✗Don’t say: She lay the baby in its cot. PHRASAL VERBS23 lay about somebody phrasal verb literary or old-fashioned ATTACKto attack someone violently 袭击；猛打〔某人〕 SYN set about with He laid about his attackers with a stick. 他用棍子狠揍攻击他的人。24 lay something ↔ aside phrasal verb a) to stop using something and put it down, especially so you can do something else 把…放在一边〔以便做其他事〕 SYN put aside Richard had laid aside his book to watch what was happening. 理查德放下书，去看看发生了什么事情。b) STOP DOING somethingto stop behaving in a particular way, or stop having particular feelings, especially so you can achieve something 停止，摒弃〔某种行为或情感〕 SYN put aside On the day of the wedding, all arguments between the families were laid aside. 婚礼那天，两家人停止了一切争吵。 As a doctor, you often need to lay aside your personal feelings. 作为一名医生，你经常得把个人情感放在一边。c) KEEP/STORE (also lay something ↔ by) to keep something, especially money, so you can use it in the future 留存〔钱等〕备用 SYN put by She’d laid aside a few pounds each week from her wages. 她每个星期都从薪水里拿出几英镑存起来。25 lay something ↔ down phrasal verb a) officially state 正式阐述SAY/STATE to officially state something or say that rules, principles etc must be obeyed 〔正式或坚决地〕阐述，声明；规定 He had already clearly laid down his view in his opening speech. 他在开场白里已经明确表达了自己的观点。lay down that The contract laid down that the work must be completed before 2025. 合同规定工程必须在2025年之前完成。b) weapons 武器HORIZONTAL if people lay down their weapons, they stop fighting 放下〔武器〕 The terrorists were urged to lay down their arms. 恐怖分子被敦促放下武器。c) lay down the lawTELL/ORDER somebody TO DO something to tell other people what to do, how they should think etc, in a very strong or impolite way 〔用强硬或粗鲁的方式〕发号施令 I could hear him laying down the law. 我听到他在发号施令。d) lay down your life formalDIE to die in order to help other people 〔为了帮助别人而〕牺牲生命lay down your life for He was even prepared to lay down his life for his friends. 他甚至愿意为他的朋友舍命。e) keep 留存KEEP/STORE to store something, especially wine, to use in the future 储存〔尤指酒〕f) record 录音 to record your music, for example in a recording studio 录制〔音乐〕 They are just about to start laying down tracks for their second album. 他们正准备录制第二张专辑。26 lay something ↔ in phrasal verb especially British English formal KEEP/STOREto get and store a supply of something to use in the future 储存〔某物〕 He likes to lay in a few special drinks for the festive season. 他喜欢留几瓶特别的酒到节庆时喝。27 lay into somebody/something phrasal verb ATTACKCRITICIZEto attack or criticize someone or something 痛打；抨击 Outside the club, two men were laying into each other. 俱乐部外面有两名男子在打架。28 lay off phrasal verb a) lay somebody ↔ offLEAVE A JOB OR ORGANIZATION to stop employing someone because there is no work for them to do 〔因为没有活干而〕解雇〔雇员〕 → lay-off The company laid off 250 workers in December. 公司在12月份解雇了250名工人。 Millions of people have been laid off in the steel industry. 钢铁工业有数百万人遭解雇。b) lay off (something) informalSTOP HAPPENING to stop using or doing something 停止，中止(某事) I think you’d better lay off alcohol for a while. 我认为你最好戒酒一段时间。lay off doing something I had to lay off running for several months. 我只好数月内不再跑步了。c) lay off (somebody) informal to stop annoying someone or hurting them 停止烦扰[伤害](某人) Just lay off, will you! 别来烦我，好不好！ I wish he’d lay off me! 我希望他不要再来烦我啦！d) lay something ↔ off to pass the ball to someone in your team in a game such as football – used in sports reports 传球〔用于体育报道中〕lay something off to somebody Murphy has the ball and then lays it off to Owen. 墨菲拿到球后传给了欧文。29 lay something on phrasal verb a) lay something ↔ on especially British EnglishPROVIDE to provide something such as food, entertainment, or transport for a group of people 提供，安排〔食物、娱乐、交通等〕；款待；安排 They laid on a buffet for his farewell party. 他们为他的送别会安排了自助餐。 A bus has been laid on to take you home. 已经安排好一辆巴士送你们回家。b) lay something on somebodyGIVE to ask someone to do something, especially something that is difficult or something they will not want to do 把〔困难或不想做的事情〕推给某人 Sorry to lay this on you, but we need someone to give a talk at the conference next week. 很抱歉把这个任务交给你，不过下星期的会议上我们需要有人发言。c) lay it on (thick) informal i. PRAISEto praise someone or something too much, especially in order to get what you want 阿谀奉承，竭力恭维 ii. EXAGGERATEto talk about something in a way that makes it seem more important, serious etc than it really is 过分吹嘘[渲染] SYN exaggerate30 lay somebody/something ↔ out phrasal verb a) spread 铺展SPREAD to spread something out 铺开，展开 Lay out the map on the table and let’s have a look. 把地图铺在桌上，我们来看看吧。b) arrange 布置AAARRANGE A GROUP OF THINGS OR PEOPLE to arrange or plan a building, town, garden etc 布置，设计〔建筑、城镇、花园等〕 SYN set out The garden is laid out in a formal pattern. 这个花园是按规则的几何图形设计的。c) explain 解释 to describe or explain something clearly 清楚地描述[解释] SYN set out The financial considerations are laid out in a booklet called ‘How to Borrow Money’. 需要考虑的经济因素在一本标题为“如何借钱的小册子中写得很清楚。d) spend 花费 informalSPEND MONEY to spend money, especially a lot of money 花费〔尤指大笔钱〕 → outlaylay out something on something What’s the point in laying out money on something you’ll only wear once? 花那么多的钱买一件你只穿一次的东西有什么意义呢？e) hit 击打 informalHIT to hit someone so hard that they fall down and become unconscious 击倒，打昏〔某人〕 One of the guards had been laid out and the other was missing. 一个卫兵被打昏，另一个则不知去向。f) body 尸体MX to prepare a dead body so that it can be buried 给〔尸体〕做殡葬准备31.lay over phrasal verb American English STAY WITH SB, IN A HOTEL ETCto stay somewhere for a short time before continuing your trip 途中停留 → layover32 lay up phrasal verb a) be laid up (with something)ILL to have to stay in bed because you are ill or injured 〔因患病或受伤〕卧床不起 I was laid up for a week with flu. 我得了流感，卧床一个星期。b) to stop using a boat or vehicle, especially while it is being repaired 〔尤指因正在维修〕停止使用〔船或车〕；使〔船只〕入坞维修；使〔车辆〕闲置不用lay something ↔ up Most of the yachts were laid up for the winter. 大部分游艇冬季都入坞检修了。c) lay something ↔ up old-fashionedKEEP/STORE to collect and store something to use in the future 储存，储备 We started laying up firewood for the winter. 我们开始储备柴火准备过冬。→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpuslay• It does little more than lay a foundation of principles.• She lay against the pillows, her whole body numb.• He lay down against a wall.• He was laid down on brittle pampas grass and then manhandled by the creatures.• Hey, I told him to lay off of me in practice.• He laid the money on the table as they walked out to the stoop.• It was as if a fall lay within her that she wasn't able to make.Lay ... flat• Maude took a scat at the end of the table and laid her hands flat on the dark mahogany.• Melanie was waiting by the Transit holding two sleeping-bags, the sort that you can unzip and lay flat.• There was more scrub there, but not enough for anyone to hide, unless they lay flat.• She spread out her towel and lay flat, adjusting her sunglasses against the glare above.• Spread the sail and lay it flat as possible with the underside uppermost.• Amazingly, she slipped into a gap between the tracks and lay flat as the Intercity 125 rumbled over her.• The wick lay almost flat in a perilously small amount of wax.• They lay flat, under fire.lay ... eggs• Adults grow to varying sizes, depending on food available, and lay eggs in late summer.• They lay their eggs in midwinter, incubating their eggs and chicks through many blizzards.• Instead, it lays its eggs in nests of other birds, and depends on others to hatch and raise its young.• And they mate, laying their eggs in the shallow tepid pools.• In the Nematoda, the sexes are separate and the males are generally smaller than the females which lay eggs or larvae.• She was laying her eggs; the drones were feeding her.• These females do not lay eggs; they give birth to young aphids, all of which are females.• They will come flying up against the wind and lay their eggs, which will soon turn into white grubs.laying the table• But when she turned round, he was laying the table.• Thérèse and Léonie were laying the table.• In the kitchen Anne and Millie are laying the table for dinner, talking seriously.• Molly went on laying the table, placing knives and forks neatly as though her sanity depended on it.lay money (that)• It was the talking point of the station, she would lay money on that.Related topics: Christianitylay3 ●○○ adjective [only before noun] 1 a) NOT KNOWnot trained or not knowing much about a particular profession or subject 非专业的，外行的 → layman lay witnesses 普通证人，非专家证人 b) RRCRELIGIONnot in an official position in the church 非神职的，世俗的 a lay preacher 俗世的传道人，平信徒传道人Examples from the Corpuslay• On the other hand, there is the lay congregation, to whom biblical scholarship is totally unknown territory.• The churches were bereft of most of their clergy and many of their most able lay members.• a lay minister• At the same time, Louis summoned a series of assemblies involving both bishops and lay nobles.• To the lay observer, these technical terms are incomprehensible.• The worship incorporates dreams, healing, trances, and a high degree of lay participation.• In contrast, many elders - leading lay people - are politically more conservative.• With his dark good looks and meticulous personal style, he made a lasting, if rather forbidding impression on lay people.• A non-conformist lay preacher, he fought the November byelection.Related topics: Literaturelay4 noun [countable] 1 the lay of the land a) HAPPENthe situation that exists at a particular time 〔特定时候的〕形势，情况 Get the lay of the land before you make any decisions. 先了解情况再作决定。 b) APPEARANCEthe appearance of an area of land, for example the way it slopes 地形，地貌2 the lay of something the appearance of something and where each part of it is 某事物的外部情况 Mr. Lowe will give you the lay of the camp and tell you what we’re going to be doing. 洛先生会给你介绍营地的情况，告诉你我们要做些什么。3. be a good/quick/easy etc lay informalSEX/HAVE SEX WITH to be a good, quick etc person to have sex with 是个淫荡的人4. literaryAL a poem or song 诗；歌Examples from the Corpuslay• And the great lays - you can learn them, meantime.• Failure to recognise slopes until committed to landing Make a point of looking for the lay of the surrounding countryside.From Longman Business Dictionarylaylay /leɪ/ verb (past tense and past participle laid) → lay somebody → off → lay something → out→ See Verb tableOrigin lay3 (1300-1400) Old French lai, from Late Latin laicus, from Greek laikos “of the people”, from laos “people” lay4 1. (1800-1900) LAY12. (1200-1300) Old French lailay1 verblay2 verb →10-22 →n GRAMMAR1 →5 GRAMMAR2 →n GRAMMAR3 →PHRASAL VERBS1lay3 adjectivelay4 nounLDOCE OnlineChinese Business tense the lie1 of past Corpus |
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