(1) Results Accessory nerve reconstruction group experienced much better shoulder function recovery than that in single neck dissection group.

(2) The diameters of accessory nerve C5 nerve root and superior trunk of brachial plexus were measured during the surgery.

(3) Anastomosis of severed facial nerve and accessory nerve could be helpful in restoring symmetry of the face, in preventing the face muscle from atrophy and in preserving shoulder movement.

(4) Surgical therapy has been attempted by section of various neck muscles or the accessory nerve.

(5) It is possible to reconstruct respiratory function by transposition of accessory nerve to phrenic nerve in the rats with upper cervical cord injuries.

(6) The course, surface symbols, branches, and surrounding structures of accessory nerve were observed and measured.

(7) The density of lymphatic tubes around the internal jugular vein, accessory nerve and sternocleidomastoid muscles was much higher than that around the external jugular vein and cervical plexus.

(8) Objective: To observe the rami communicans between the spinal accessory nerve and the cervical plexus by dissection in order to provide a reliable anatomical basis for clinical application.

(9) The lower part of trapezius muscle was supplied by accessory nerve.

(10) Objective:To provide microanatomical data for respiratory function reconstruction by transposition of accessory nerve to phrenic nerve in rats with upper cervical cord injuries.

(11) To establish the experimental model of the respiratory function reconstruction in the rats with upper cervical cord injuries through transposition of accessory nerve and phrenic nerve reconstruction.

(12) Methods: Microdissection were used to obtain the number, origins and anastomosis sites of the ramus communicans as well as the related data of the spinal accessory nerve .