1 By 750 the time had come for the caliphate itself to be transformed and for the Umayyad regime to be dislodged.

2 Although he did not create the caliphate he dreamed of, one of his main declared aims was to draw America into “bleeding wars” in the Muslim lands, and in this he most cruelly succeeded.

3 It was the center of the orthodox caliphate until 661, when the Umayyad caliphate, ruling from Damascus, took over.

4 He abolished the caliphate and gutted the country’s legal system, instituting a strict separation of church and state.

5 But for the moment they'll settle for a caliphate in the Islamic parts of Southeast Asia – Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Southern Thailand and the Southern Philippines.

6 The fight for democracy, not a caliphate, has begun to redeem decades of lost honour and dignity.

7 Emperor , Caliph , Pontiff , Pope Empire, Caliphate, Pontificate.

8 The issue on which these tensions mainly centred was the succession to the caliphate.

9 The way was now clear for the emergence of the Umayyad caliphate, with Damascus as its capital.

10 Rodrigo and Motamid rapidly began to make inroads into the border territory separating the Caliphates of Saragossa and Lerida.

11 In previous interviews Misbahuddin had voiced support for the violence against western troops in Afghanistan,[] and embraced al-Qaida's vision of a global Islamic caliphate.

12 His vision, however impractical, of purging Islam and establishing a single Islamic caliphate appealed to Muslims disgusted by the venality of their own elites.

13 Fought somewhere, now precisely unknown, between Tours and Poitiers, an army of Franks and Burgundians under Charles Martel defeated the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate.

14 These were followed by the establishment of an “international” caliphate rule and eventually by a steep decline in Arab-Islamic power.