1. Stack pointer verification, which detects stack pointer corruption.

2. Inline assembly can be written to determine the stack pointer.

3. These instructions assume the existence of a stack pointer, for which R13 is used.

4. If a function is executing, then the stack pointer is pointing to the top of the whole stack, which is also the top of that function's activation record.

5. Stack pointer corruption can be caused by a calling convention mismatch.

6. The calling function must not care where the stack pointer is currently pointing.

7. Since pushing a variable essentially moves the stack pointer by a dword, the stack pointer is adjusted by adding 4 (the size of a dword) to it (line 32).

8. The stack pointer relative addressing mode permits optimized C compiler stack model for local variables and parameter passing.

9. Finally, the stack pointer is moved to reserve all the needed stack space using the instruction ai $sp, $sp,(Sentencedict) -FRAME_SIZE.

10. Initialized which include:adjusted stack pointer, the need to use the internal data memory of the initialization, set up the boot NC power output voltage and CPU interruption of the set.

11. So you simply need to move the stack pointer by adding the stack frame size to the stack pointer using ai $sp, $sp, FRAME_SIZE.

12. The current context stack pointer is maintained in the active kmstsave structure, which holds the machine state for the thread or interrupt context.

13. So in this instruction, $sp is the stack pointer (it's an alias for $1).

14. This will save the old stack pointer and allocate stack memory atomically.

15. The stack pointer tells you where the end of your current stack frame is.

16. The SS and ESP registers provide a return stack pointer for the handler.

17. The stack pointer must be aligned to 16 bytes, except for leaf functions(), in any region of code that isn't part of an epilog or prolog.

18. Therefore, functions using the simplified ABI actually can save, use, and restore non-volatile registers by using negative offsets from the stack pointer.

19. Dedicated registers are registers that have a predefined, permanent function, like the stack pointer (register 1) and the TOC pointer (register 2).

20. The setjmpx and longjmpx kernel services maintain the AMR and the context stack pointer.

21. This makes it easy for functions to know where their activation record is -- they are simply defined in terms of the stack pointer.

22. Functions are free to use the 288 bytes that are physically below the stack pointer for functions that do not call other functions.