1 Widespread ionization occurs readily in the Earth's upper atmosphere.

2 It was a process like ionization: what was subtracted from one pole was added to the other.

3 The Doctor had mentioned ionization when they'd first entered the Operations Room; ionization caused by electrical activity.

4 The ionization is produced by solar uv radiation and by energetic ions and electrons from the magnetosphere.

5 Some use ionization detectors,[] which tend to react a little faster to flaming fires.

6 The dose was measured by ionization chamber.

7 HP-5H5 chromatography column was used, along with electrospray ionization(ESI).

8 A gas - filled ionization chamber uses this principle.

9 The choice of ionization source and experimental sample of instrument is discussed.

10 For an ionization gauge, the analyzer is placed between the ionizer and the ion collector.

11 Electron Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry(ESI-MS) and Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry(EI-MS) were used to elucidate the structure and fragmentation pathway of Cryptotanshinone(CT).

12 Emphasis is placed on a new model - Ionization Ionization Clustering Cluster model.

13 Desorption chemical ionization technique has been applied by authors to direct thermal pyrolysis of polymers in chemical ionization source with different reagent gases.

14 The chemical ionization(CI)mass spectra of a series of terpene functional group positional isomers and stereoisomers have been studied using ammonia and isobutane as reagent gases.

15 Our results demonstrate that the ionization rate of diatomic molecules would not be largest when the molecular axis is lined up with the field direction. It is relative to the electron density.

16 The fundamental principle of ion mobility spectrometry and the recent progress in ionization source, miniaturization, Chiral separation,() tandem use with GC and MS were summarized.

17 In recent years, the Electron Cyclotron Resonance(ECR)plasma have been extensively used in microelectronics industry because of their high density and ionization degree with low gas pressure.

18 A high reverse bias voltage creates a strong internal electric field, which accelerates the electrons through the silicon crystal lattice and produces secondary electrons by impact ionization.

19 The author , in parallel with Krcmar , is experimenting with giant ionization chambers.

20 Buprofezin and triadimefon residues in cucumbers were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) with electron impact (EI) ionization.

21 Using model of coronal and non - coronal radiation, ionization rate equation has been solved respectively.

22 We introduce the establishment and optimization of capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (FID) for analysis of acetylated oligosaccharides.

23 The sensitivity for the measurement of chloropicrin by the modes of positive ion and negative chemical ionization was compared.

24 Using moment method, combined with Boltzmann equation, a set of fluid kinetics equations is used to describe the motion of particles in the weak ionization gas.

25 The identification of fatty acid derivatives was performed by the online APCI/MS (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source) in positive mode.

26 There are many unsolved problems in conventional DBD gas ionization technique, resulting in lower gas ionizability, which cannot be used in non-equilibrium plasma chemistry.

27 The obtained ion spectra of NO molecule and atom oxygen are very useful experimental information for research of the NO2 photodissociation and NO molecule atom oxygen ionization dynamics.

28 An exemplary ion source for creating a stream of ions has an aluminum alloy arc chamber body that at least partially bounds an ionization region of the arc chamber.

29 Fractions were then collected and analyzed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation to obtain structural information.

30 As a versatile example, the feasibility of this scheme applied to lutetium isotopic analysis by Laser Resonance ionization Spectrometry was discussed.

31 For the analysis of hydrocarbon species a FID ( flame ionization detector ) can be used.

32 The methods of determination of crotonaldehyde in various samples of the PVA(poly vinyl alcohol) producing line by gas chromatography and flame ionization detector are discussed in this paper.

33 Being based upon the flame ionization principle, a flame detector to investigate the flame propagation inside the gasoline engine is developed.

34 A long tendril of colder gas and dust extends many light years into the void from the receding ionization front.

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35 A new method is proposed for analysing ionization mechanism of the Rydberg states of atoms and molecules with thermionic diode, and the ionization channels of BaI and Ba2 are discussed.

36 In this paper the function and the defect of self - induction static eliminator, radioactive static eliminator and A. C. ionization static eliminator are analysed.

37 To establish the equation groups about waste water stripping tower MESH and equationgroups including ionization balance, chemistry balance and phase balance.

38 Present calculation results show that ionization continuum and positronium formation channels play an important role in positron-potassium scattering.

39 Finally the general expressions of ionization rate and probability with multi-passage are given.

40 Then the perturbative description of the interaction between a single electron and the laser field can be replaced by the tunneling ionization.

41 High ionization rate, full reaction, pure film color, fast deposition.

42 To avoid them, a new alternate method which combines thin layer chromatography ( TLC ) with hydrogen flame ionization detector ( FID ) is adopted.

43 The experiment results show that the time response of ionization chamber in profile gauge meets the requirement of on-line hot strip measuring.

44 The distribution of water clusters under ambient conditions was first tested using a triple-quadRupole mass spectrometer coupled with a dielectric barrier discharge ionization source.

45 By decreasing the ionization threshold value of the shielding gas(), Laser TIG promote the generation of Laser supported combustion (LSC).

46 Dissociation and ionization of air bring on lower drag coefficients of the orbiter than that obtained from perfect gas model, while the location of pressure center moves forward.

47 A high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(LC-ESI/MS) was developed to screen and determine trenbolone, tetrahydrogestrinone and gestrinone in human urine.

48 Install an ozone ionization generator on the air-intake end of all the air-intake engines. The channel has catalytic action.

49 This article is related to a calculating method of atomic ionization cross section on K-shell when bombarding a nuclear target with electron.

50 We'll then take a turn to talking about the periodic table, we'll look at a bunch of periodic trends, including ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic radius.

51 The basic characters of ionization current are studied by means of the steady flame of blowtorch.

52 Cellotriose and cellotetraose were analyzed by electron pray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS) with negative ion mode.

53 Vacuum ultraviolet lamp ionization source is attractive for portable analytical instrument because of its smallness and simpleness.

54 In addition, in a certain range, the ionization rate would increased with the pulse length and the structure of the spectrum are more obvious.

55 The variation of the partial ionization cross section ratio versus the electron collision energy gained from spectrums is compared with experimental results obtained by K.

56 The optimum parameters, such as electron current and voltage for ionization, acceleration voltage, retarding voltage, gas inlet pressure, were determined by experiments.

57 In this paper, the two-photon autoionization involving second-order ionization process under strong laser field is investigated.

58 So, if we just rearrange this equation, what we find is that z effective is equal to n squared times the ionization energy, IE all over the Rydberg constant and the square root of this.

59 Describes the working principle, failure analysis and maintenance of ionization chamber for Elekta linear accelerator.

60 What we've learned so far is as a first approximation, what we want to do is put the atom with the lowest ionization energy in the middle here.

61 A method has been developed for the determination of toxaphene in soil by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry(GC-NCI MS) with accelerated solvent extraction(ASE).

62 The results showed that the targets of laser amplifier achieved the requirement of air ionization laser experiment.

63 Electrospray mass spectrometry has become the main target of which developed one of this paper, metal capillary electrospray ionization source of heating, developed a temperature control system.

64 Figure 2 - 11 illustrates guarding as applied to measuring the ion current ( IC ) from an ionization chamber.

65 The calculated ionization potentials are larger than the fragmentation energies of these small phosphide clusters,[] exhibiting a dominance of dissociate over ionization.

66 The laser facula area has some effects on the ion yield of multi photon ionization process.

67 Method: CBPI - M 25 - 0.25 capillary column and hydrogen flame ionization detector were selected.

68 This method made use of hydrogen flame ionization detector ( FID ) and counted by area normalization method.

69 Emanometer is composed of normal atmosphere air mesh grid pulse ionization chamber,() signal magnify and screen unit and MCU system.

70 The stability of the welding arc depends mainly on the voltage and the gas ionization when current zero-crossing as well as the electron emission ability of the electrode.

71 Based on photoemission effect. we design a laser photoemission electron gun for electron impact ionization source of time of flight mass spectrometer.

72 The detecting system is based on the residual gas ionization principle and consisted of electrostatic collecting plates, micro-channel plates and a resistive anode.

73 This paper describes the investigation of even-parity autoionization states of cerium atoms by three-step three-color resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS).

74 Computers, displays, hand-holding telephone and other electric equipments can produce certain amount of ionization radialization .

75 To check the ionization current, connect a microammeter with an adequate scale "in series" to the ionization circuit.

76 The choice of ionization source and experimental sample of instrument is discussed. The system's experimental equipment is devised.

77 The transient discharge voltage and current of the two pre ionization sources were measured also.

78 Cesium chloride was added as ionization buffer to eliminate the ionization interference of sodium and potassium.

79 Neutrons in the slow and moderate speed ranges can produce ionization indirectly in other ways.

80 By combining spectroscopy ( PES ) with theoretical calculations , the ionization potentials of iodine trichloride were studied.

81 The electronic circuitry of the various vacuum protection schemes, which use sputtering ion pump or cold-cathode or hot cathode ionization gauge as sensors, was compared.

82 Dense gas serves to reduce the ionization, because it absorbs the ionizing soft x rays.

83 Breathe is a living kitchen appliance that literally 'breathes in' air pollutants through ionization.

84 Electrospray-assisted laser desorption ionization (ELDI), a combination of electrospray ionization and laser desorption, is an ambient ionization source developerd in our laboratory.

85 In addition, divalent metal adduction provided improved positive mode ionization efficiency for these peptides.

86 In Figure 2 - 11 b , a metal guard ring is added to the ionization chamber.

87 We develop a new D. C. ionization static eliminator which can overcome above - mentioned defect and are of the properties of low watt consumption, high efficiency and reliability.

88 The dosimetric data measured by silicon diode were evaluated compared with those by ionization chamber and in literature.

89 Hematopoietic system is a crisis organ of ionization radiation cxposure.

90 If the vacuum near the cathode is too poor, it will generate spark, gas ionization and ion bombardment on cathode, which can result in a fast attenuation of the emission current.

91 Full exhibition of incomplete ionization of dopant from 300K to 600K under the condition of weak electronic field results in different characteristics from those of conventional model.

92 In this paper, the two-photon autoionization involving second-order ionization processes is investigated.

93 We talked about ionization energy, electron affinity, we talked about electronegativity, which is just kind of a combination of the first two, and then ended with atomic radius here.

94 Second, aimed at the ionization and dissociation mass spectrum of trimethylamine.

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95 Pulse modulation may be used to control a bias voltage and an ionization.

96 It is shown that autoionization will make processes of above-threshold ionization more complicated and a lot of new effects will appear.

97 Based on extensive research of literature, the feasibility of using ambient flame as ionization source of mass spectrometry is studied theoretically.

98 Detecting by hydrogen flame ionization detector with gas chromatography increased sensitivity and decreased detection limit.

99 As a versatile example, the feasibility of this scheme applied to lutetium isotopic analysis by Laser Resonance ionization Spectrometry(LRIMS) was discussed.

100 OBJECTIVE To analysis analyzing impurities in Chlortetracycline by using liquid chromatogramand and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

101 And the equation to calculate ionization rate is obtained at the base of the principle that the system free energy is the least versus the particle number.

102 In this paper, a diagnostic method of average ionization degree by X-ray emission spectra of laser-produced gold plasma was presented.

103 Indirect ionization by neutrons can also result from fission of plutonium or uranium isotopes.

104 In the photon-energy region between and ionization thresholds of autoionization due to the doubly -excited states, there are five Rydberg series coupling strongly to each other.

105 Therefore, dissociation of tetrachloromethane ionization process has been subject to attention.

106 By increasing the commutation rate of output current, the temperature and the degree of gas ionization in arc zone can be held when current zero-crossing.

107 The influence of matrix elements on the degree of analyte ionization is insignificant.

108 With a weak acid, but the degree of concentration than the ionization time when large, thin and generally weak electrolyte are different.

109 The recent progress in gas ionization detectors, solid and gas scintillator counters semiconductor detectors and quantum microcalorimeter abroad are described in this paper.

110 Hot carriers refer to the carriers that have gained high kinetic energy after being accelerated by a strong electric field in areas of high field or by impact ionization.

111 The continuous monitoring system consists of a high pressurized ionization chamber , integrated weak current amplifier, V/F converter and intelligent data recorder.

112 A VUV soft ionization source was adopted in the mass spectrometer, which can avoid the formation of fragment ions and analyze volatile organic compounds in ambient air without pre-separation.

113 The effect of quantum interference among many ionization channels on photo-ionization properties of an atom in a laser-induced continuum structure system is analyzed.

114 Gas to electricity, gas heat, ionization and until an electric current.

115 Both ionization and excitation lead to eletronic transitions that may be the emission of light.

116 The results show that the alarm time depends strongly on both the gas concentration and the emission current of the ionization gauge.

117 The perturbative methods for positron-atom scattering omitted Ps formation and ionization channels.

118 The authors also studied the continuous self-recording technique by using the ionization method to measure the Radon gas.

119 Detailed descriptions of the fission neutron sources, the ionization chamber for fission fragment detection, the neutron detectors and the experimental arrangement are given.

120 Gate current for pMOSFETs is composed of direct tunneling current, channel hot hole, electron injection current, and highly energetic hot holes by secondary impact ionization.

121 Rated voltage lines higher insulation to the longer ionization time.

122 A nuclear detonation creates a severe environment including blast, thermal pulse, neutrons, x- and gamma-rays, radiation, electromagnetic pulse (EMP), and ionization of the upper atmosphere.

123 It is found that the response frequency and the ionization rate will be improved if the coefficient is increasing.

124 Influences of laser ellipticity on the ionization parameters of Ni-like Kr(NLK) system based on electron collisional scheme of optical-field ionization(OFI) were investigated.

125 In this paper, we study the rubidium atoms resonance ionization for step through general rate equation.

126 Figure 4 is ionized air static isobutylnitrite known as Rod type air ionization.

127 The breakdown strength of SF6/N2 gas mixtures in a uniform field gap can be calculated if the effective ionization coefficients of the two component gases are known.

128 Cosmic rays and X - rays produce energetic electrons by ionization.

129 The emissive spectrum properties of shock compression argon were qualitatively explained by the state parameters and ionization degree.

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130 Based on the principle of the photoelectron imaging spectrometry, the photoelectron image is investigated by using two-photon resonance and three-photo ionization.

131 The parameters of the additional ionization and the ionospheric disturbance due to the nuclear explosion are obtained.