1. The abdominal aorta is normally smaller than the thoracic aorta.

2. Large nodules may be detected by lateral thoracic radiography.

3. Radiographs of the women's lateral thoracic and lumbar spine were taken in a standardised manner.

4. Both pelvic and thoracic sling restraints are used.

5. Objective To review our experience with endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy.

6. Methods VSMC obtained from rat thoracic aortas were cultured.

7. Rat models of thoracic aorta balloon injury were established.

8. Conclusions Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is simple and safe, procedure.

9. The back muscles of the thoracic region are thinner.

10. Results There were no postoperative bronchopleural fistula and thoracic empyema in all patients. 554 cases successfully sutured while 8 cases had air leakage in the stump.

11. Result: A check-up-rate of cytodiagnosis in thoracic liquid was 49.46%.

12. A swing thoracic raw stratus, Juezi into bird meaning, looking at the distant rising Yunxia, clean up my mind, as far as the eye could track the dusk birds in intimacy in into bamboo.

13. Tube in the throat and upper thoracic cavity through which air passes in respiration.

14. Summary of Background Data. In children with thoracic insufficiency syndrome, expansion thoracoplasty of the constricted hemithorax improves respiratory function and controls scoliosis.

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15. Objective: To provide anatomic basis of the thoracic posterior root for selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR).

16. The main bleeding source of thoracic hemorrhage was intercostal artery.

17. It stimulated an interest in thoracic medicine, especially the surgical aspects in this field and for a couple of years he worked at a tuberculosis hospital in the United States.

18. For example, it is absent in such diverse conditions as constipation, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and thoracic spinal cord injuries.

19. I wonder how many years unqualified people could pass themselves off as consultant thoracic surgeons, for example, without detection.

20. The ratio of the length to width of SG, from the maximum to minimum is sacral, lumbar, coccygeal, cervical and thoracic part.

21. To sum up the nursing experience of intubation by anterior thoracic wall axillary vein puncture(IATAV).

22. Methods: Repair the maxillofacial defect with the transposition of cervical and thoracic bilobed skin flap.

23. Conclusion: Stress response can be relieved by epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing thoracic operation.

24. This paper introduces a new medical instrument that is used for reducing the windage in the course of thoracic tumor radiotherapy.

25. The study was presented last month to the American Thoracic Society.

26. Lateral mass screws are traditionally used to fixate the subaxial cervical spine, while pedicle screws are used in the thoracic spine.

27. Methods It was clinically analysed and concluded that 9 cases of chylothorax after different thoracic operation.

28. Objective To evaluate the advantages of these two types of esophagectomy and select a reasonable operative mode for the cancer of thoracic esophagus.

29. Objective To investigate the reason of abdominal aorta aneurysm rupture and thoracic aorta dissection aneurysm rupture.

30. Methods : Left-heart cannulation was used in 65 patients , and the ascending aorta, thoracic aorta and femoral artery pressures were measured with catheters.

1. The abdominal aorta is normally smaller than the thoracic aorta.

31. Objective: To evaluate spiral CT in the diagnosis and differentiation of nodular goitre at thoracic inlet.

32. Objective To study characteristics of diagnosis and surgical treatment of ossification of ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine.

33. Youthful carcasses will have cartilaginous caps on the thoracic vertebrae.

34. Decompression was performed by en block unroof laminectomy for the posterolateral wall of the thoracic canal.

35. The wing disc is one of the imaginal discs of the silkworm, which locates the two sides of the 2nd and 3rd thoracic section and grows separately into adult wing.

36. Results: 39 tumors were cervical, 11 were thoracic, and 10 were conus medullaris and filum ferminale.

37. Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of thoracic CT and X-ray plain film in giant bulla and its differential diagnosis with pneumothorax.

38. Objective:To introduce the clinic adopted of titanium AF in thoracic vertebra and lumbar fracture dislocation and spinal cord scathe.

39. Objective To investigate the cause, development mechanism and utility treatment of thoracic cavity hemorrhoea after the closed drainage for spontaneous pneumothorax.

40. The utility time of antibiotics, the retain time of thoracic duct, and hospital staying time were significantly shorter in thoracoscopic surgery group.

41. This patient was initially diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome and presented with excruciating pain and numbness in right shoulder, arm and fingers, and positive elevated arm stress test (EAST).

42. Methods Lipofectin was utilized to transfer the RAMP1 ORF vector into rat thoracic aortas VSMC, stable transfection cell colony of express RAMP1 was obtained by G418 screening.

43. Objective To analyze the clinical manifestation and etiology of thoracic outlet syndrome ( TOS ).

44. Any of various aquatic crustaceans of the subclass Branchiopoda, such as the fairy shrimp and water flea, characterized by a segmented body and flattened, leaflike thoracic appendages.

45. During the posterior procedure, correction was started on the concave side for thoracic lordoscoliosis.

46. The author conducted a study to investigate the anatomy of the intraforaminal ligaments of the thoracic and lumbar nerve roots and describe their anatomical relationships and functional properties.

47. Conclusion:It is necessary to dissect the lymph nodes of hilar and bronchial and mediastinum at the homolateral thoracic cavity extensively and completely.

48. Objective To manage clinical study of transplantation of thoracic cavity of peduneulated greater omentum to cure major residual cavity chronic pyopneumothorax.

49. Conclusion. These data show that, in humans and in quadrupeds , the thoracic spine is less rotationally stable under dorsal shear loads than under ventral shear loads.

50. Thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection a serious disease, the mortality and morbidity were very high.

51. The characteristics of injury of cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and immediate treatment are recommended in this paper.

52. Methods: The clinical data of 48 cases who anastomosis in thoracic cavity were analyzed and studied.

53. Limited spread may only block sympathetic fibers in the lower thoracic dermatomes, but rostral spread can easily extend to include the cardiac accelerator fibers (T1-T4).

54. The study was presented last month to the American thoracic Thoracic Society.

55. Methods: VSMCs proliferation model of cultured rat thoracic aorta was constructed.

56. Objective To make a further understanding of asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia (ATD).

57. CONCLUSION:Nerve electrophysiological examination is of important significance to diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome.

58. Why would a 36 - year - old thoracic surgeon take Ecstasy on a regular basis?

59. Objective: To explore lymphatic recycle of thoracic duct and the mechanisms of tumor metastasis through left supraclavicular lymph nodes.

60. Objective Discuss the concerned problems with the method of thoracic cavity closed drainage while treating hurt patients suffering from haemothorax and pneumothorax .

61. By demonstration with typical x-ray film, master its appearance of heart enlargement and abnormal thoracic great vessels, master image appearance of abnormal pulmonary circulation.

62. This contraction increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and lowers the pressure inside the lungs.

63. Methods:The effect of 29 cases with thoracic vertebra metastases treated by one-stage posterior total spondylectomy were retrospectively analyzed.

64. Methods Resection of esophageal cancer and cervical esophagogastrostomy with stomach as an esophageal substitute was performed in 359 patients with cancer of thoracic esophagus.

65. Following this interval in the United States, in 1929, he began to specialize in thoracic medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal.

66. Objective: To discuss the anatomical significance of thoracic laminar slope angle (LSA)on thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum(TOLF).

67. Aim:To investigate the treatment effect of tumor removal and intercostal artery embolization on thoracic vertebrae tumor.

68. Objective : To search for the clinical advantages and experience of micro - traumatic thoracotomy in thoracic surgery.

69. Methods Application anatomy study of transverse cervical artery at thoracic outlet was done on 62 sides of 31 adult embalmed cadavers and its relationship with brachial plexus was noted.

70. We suggest that traditional Chinese medicine be considered an alternative therapy for thoracic outlet syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome.

71. The assay is about the significance of curing thoracic obstruction and cardiodynia with pungent and warm herbs mainly by way of using warming and obstruction-removing therapy.

72. Objective : To evaluate thoracic ultrasound for the diagnosis of haemothorax in patients with thoracic trauma.

73. Objective To evaluate the morphology of costovertebral joints in the normal thoracic spine(T1-8), and to explore the feasibility and clinical significance of thoracic extrapedicular fixation.

74. Paget Disease of the Spine Manifested by Thoracic and Lumbar Epidural Lipomatosis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.

75. Surgery in which the thoracic cavity is opened to expose the heart and the blood is recirculated and oxygenated by a heart-lung machine.

76. The principle of treating thoracic obstruction and cardiodynia is always to remember to warm chest yang and remove impediment together with the pathogenesis to relieve pain.

77. Background - Thoracic endovascular aortic repair ( TEVAR ) represents a novel concept for type B aortic dissection.

78. Results of 102 thoracic percutaneous aspiration biopsies performed with a fenestrated fine needle were analysed.

79. It has been demonstrated that certain parts of the human spine, more specifically the dorsally inclined lower thoracic and high lumbar parts, are subject to dorsally directed shear loads.

80. Object: The object of this study was to investigate the effects of iatrogenic pedicle perforations from screw misplacement on the mean pullout strength of thoracic pedicle screws.

81. CTM or MRI were more valuable for diagnosis of thoracic disc herniation.

82. This large mid - thoracic meningomyelocele is another form of neural tube defect ( NTD ).

83. Objective To discuss the effect of the therapy of the portal hypertension complicated with thoracic esophageal varices and bleeding by the esophagogastric devascularization.

84. In selected patients such as a hostile, multiply operated abdomen or following a failed abdominal myotomy, the thoracic or thoracoscopic approach may be preferred.

85. Objective To investigate the application value of intracervical esophagogastric stapled anastomosis via left thoracotomy in treatment of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

86. After conservative treatment and reoperation of ligation of thoracic duct, all of the chylothorax were cured.

87. The operative moment approach and methods were discussed. It is suggested that ligation of thoracic duct for traumatic chylothorax is the most effective method.

88. Conclusion It is not difficult to diagnose RT correctively. Cervico thoracic X ray film, radioactive isotope and CT checking can ensure the extent and character of the retrosternal part.

89. Conclusions: The application of both Westen and traditional Chinese antituberculotic medicines can promote the cure rate of tuberculosis of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and lower blood sedimentation.

90. Methods Measurement of isometric force of rabbit thoracic aorta rings was performed.

91. Objective:To study the method and significance of preserving anterior thoracic nerve (ATN) and intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) during breast-conserving operation for breast cancer.

92. Conclusion:Minor dose staged MSCT scanning is suitable for examining the thoracic disease of conventional and it plays an important role in radioprotection.

93. To explore the clinical efficacy of anterior vertebrectomy and reconstraction with titanium mesh cage in thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis.

94. Angiography demonstrated that the internal mammary artery, lateral thoracic artery and subscapular artery were the main hemorrhagic arteries.

95. Methods 28 patients with thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of ligamenta flava from 1995 to 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.

96. The domestic rabbit has no pathology after dissecting thoracic cavity which infected the virus in 55 d.

97. Traumatic hemothorax is common after traffic accident. However, the association of massive traumatic hemothorax and thoracic vertebral fracture has been rarely reported.

98. Purpose: The arteriosclerosis and circuity of thoracic aorta will press the oesophagus and causes dysphagia.

99. Methods:Thoracic ultrasound was performed in 168 patients with thoracic trauma to detect haemothorax .

100. Objective To study the diagnosis of thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of ligamenta flava(OLF) and the effect of the improved surgical procedure.

101. Because of the unique anatomy of this location, change of position or modified anatomic structure after previous trauma may induce thoracic outlet syndrome.

102. Preventive ligation of thoracic duct in operation does not decrease chylothorax incidence and therefore routine ligation of thoracic duct is not recommended.

103. Objective. To give recommendations for the prevention and operative treatment of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic lesions in association with spinal interventions.

104. According to the concept of sagittal spinal balance, the alternating curves of cervical and lumbar lordosis and thoracic and sacral kyphosis enable the head to be positioned over the trunk and pelvis.

105. So we believed that it might be reasonable to exscind both thoracic and celiac lymph nodes while cardiac cancer resection.

106. Methods: Using thoracic part extradural block to 56 DCM patients for 4 ~8 weeks.

107. RESULTS: A total of 68 thoracic aortas rings were obtained from 17 enrolled rats, 8 of which were excluded for disqualification, and the rest 60 rings were used in the experiment.

108. Objective To investigate the practice of thoracic - umbilical flap in large abdominal wall defect.

109. Analysis position, courses of axillary vein, lateral thoracic blood vessels, thoracoacromial blood vessels and subscapular blood vessels.

110. Rectus abdominis was supplied segmentally and overlapped by anterior branches of the 7th to 12th thoracic nerves and the first lumbar nerve.

111. Based on traditional bone-setting manipulations, body mechanics and ergonomics, a self-help device for thoracic vertebral restitution has been manufactured.

112. Coarctation of the lower thoracic aorta . [ comment ] .

113. Study Design. This is a report of a patient with a rare unstable 3-column ligamentous injury of the thoracic spine.

114. Materials and Methods LECs were taken from the pig thoracic duct.

115. Results. The mean values and the standard deviations obtained for each thoracic segment were determined.

116. We had performed 17 CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsies on 15 cases from 3 to 78 years of age. There were 5 on thoracic vertebra, 11 on lumbar vertebra and 1 on sacrum.

117. Thoracic duct connected with surrounding lymph nodes by its collateral branches.

118. There is no difference of external oblique, lumber erector spinae, thoracic erector spinae and between normals, hemiplegia and hemiparesis.

119. Results The lesions located at distal femur in 7 cases, at approximal tibia in 3 cases, at distal humerus, approximal femur, thoracic vertebrae and sacrum in 1 case respectively.

120. The cytoarchltectonic organization of the thoracic spinal grey matter in the tree shrew was studied with Nissl's method.

121. Diaphragm: Dome - shaped muscular and membranous structure Between the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

122. Thoracic vertebra; Lumbar vertebra; Fracture; Herbs; Activating blood stagnation and expelling blood stasis.

123. The fracture of inferior thoracic ribs and the lumbar transverse process often accompany with the injury of spleen and kidney.

124. Objective To evaluate the therapeutic result of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for the treatment hyperhidrosis.

125. The efficacy of ligation of the thoracic duct above the diaphrenic level for treatment prevention of postoperative chylothorax is definitive and accurate.

126. Objective To investigate the effect of 30 % ethanol on closed thoracic drainage for patients with hydropneumothorax.

127. Objective To evaluate clinic value of echocardiogram diagnosis on aneurysm of thoracic aorta.

128. Material and Methods LECs from pig thoracic duct were cultured.

129. Objective To modify the operation method for thoracic outlet syndrome based on the anatomic dissection and clinical analysis.

130. We also discuss the thoracic imaging characteristics of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in the present case report.

131. Conclusions: The contraction of the posterior components of the anterior and middle scalene muscle may be the main reason of the upper trunk thoracic outlet syndrome.

132. RESULTS Weights of thoracic gland and spleen in mice increased significantly, the level of erythrolysin in the serum and the function of mononuclear phagocyte in mice were enhanced.

133. Objective: To analyze relative factors of cervical spondylosis complicated with thoracic vertebra small joint disorder and to probe into corresponding nursing strategies.

134. The operative approach was chosen on right neck to avoid hurting thoracic duct.

134.

135. Objective To design the mushroom covered stent primary application for gastroesophageal anastomosis thoracic cavity fistula.

136. Selective arteriography of the right internal thoracic artery revealed a feeder vessel for the pseudoaneurysm.

137. Objective To summarize first rib resection by transaxillary approach for treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome.

138. By reducing collagen content of thoracic aorta and decreasing fluorescence degree of collagen-protein AGEs, HXY inhibits collagen nonenzymatic glycosylation in thoracic aorta in diabetic rats.

139. Objective Discuss clinical value of treatment of thoracic vertebra fracture though anterior approach.

140. Objective To study the acquired infection rate, pathogens, drug sensitivity and drug resistance of patients in an encephalo thoracic surgical ICU in hospital.

141. Complications were consisted of pneumonia and pulmonary atelectasis(2 cases), simple empyema (1 case), thoracic region incisal infection (2 cases), transient bucking and hoarseness(4 cases).

142. Conclusion:Small needle knife for the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome of upper plexus type has such advantages as mini-wound, simple operative procedure, and reliable effect.

143. Objective To compare the result of Mynal and local block in treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome.

144. Maximal standardized uptake value was measured over the thoracic and upper and lower abdominal aortas and correlated with thrombosis and macrophage density on sections from the same sites.

145. Objective To investigate continuous epidural anaesthesia between 10 and 11 thoracic vertebra in the appendix operation.

146. Conclusion. We have reported for the first time, that an alkaptonuria patient showed thoracic myelopathy caused by rupture of a thoracic intervertebral disc.

147. Objective To evaluate the chance of operating treatment and conservative treatment for chylothorax after thoracic operation.

148. Thoracic myelopathy in a patient with alkaptonuria has not been previously reported.

149. Conclusions The transaxillary approach for first rib resection is less traumatic, lower in recurrent rate, with concealed incision for treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome.

150. Methods:140 cases with complete clinical and X-ray data of acute thoracic trauma were included in this group, the main X-ray manifestations were analysed on the basis of etiopathology and pathology.

151. Conclusion:The early operation should be administered when the burst fracture complicated with incomplete neurotmesis happens in the segment of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

152. Objective To study the interposition feasibility of a thoracic duct intervention in treating lymphatic metastasis.

153. The authors present a case of patient with a complex metameric vascular lesion of the thoracic spine and describe a management strategy for this entity.

154. Type B dissection combined with intramural hematoma in ascending aorta and intimal flap and true and false lumens in thoracic and abdominal aorta.

155. Conclusions: Thoracic LSA and tension acting on ligamentum flavum may be the anatomical and biomechanical factors for the predilection on lower thoracic spine of TOLF.

156. Neurological examination and neurophysiological testing confirmed the presence of thoracic myelopathy, which may have been due to the wire tethering the thoracic spinal cord to the dorsal dura.

157. After both the thoracic and abdominal cavities were entered, all intra-abdominal organs were mobilized allowing exposure of the inferior mesenteric vein and aorta.

158. Objective. To compare uninstrumented compensatory curve spontaneous derotation of the rib hump and lumbar prominence after selective lumbar or thoracic fusions in AIS.

159. Methods:11 cases having thoracic vertebrae tumor treated with tumor removal after intercostal artery embolization were reported.

160. Endothorax is composed of invaginations of the tergal, pleural and sternal regions of each thoracic segment.

161. Objective:To study therapeutic effects of manipulative upper and middle cervical vertebra in the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome at earlier period.

162. Results Paradoxical respiration occurred and the intrathoracic pressure kept negative but with no bulge of malactic tissues after the fulfilment of the floating thoracic wall models.

163. Conclusion Enemas is an effective method to decrease postoperative abdominal distension and constipation in thoracic surgery.

164. Spine view (including each view of cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx and sacroiliac joint test.

165. Few publications in the English language literature specifically evaluate the association between the pedicle isthmic widths of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar.

166. Methods 58 patients with hyperhidrosis treated with endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy were reviewed retrospectively.

167. Conclusion Lornoxicam can increase the effect of analgesia in patients undergone thoracic surgery in the period of recovery from general anesthesia and prevent the occurrence of restlessness.

168. Total lumbar lordosis (L1-S1), thoracic kyphosis (T5-T12), sacral slope, thoracolumbar angle (T11-L1),[sentence dictionary] and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured on the lateral view of the whole spine.