1. Mechanical obstruction may require operation for repair of common bile duct stricture or for gallstones.

2. In case of difficult common bile duct cannulation of ERCP, precut sphincterotomy to be an effective and safe technique.

3. Common bile duct laceration was noted at laparotomy and was successfully treated by choledochotomy and T-tube stent.

4. The gallbladder is attached to the common bile duct and acts as a storage reservoir.

5. Objective To avoid the happen of negativity common bile duct exploration.

6. Objective : To evaluate the clinical application of common bile duct exploration with choledochoscope for choledocholithiasis.

7. Methods: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, T duct drainage or primary suture were used.

8. Objective To study the effect of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration via choledochotomy and T tube drainage.

9. Methods :Common bile duct stones 118 cases, ascarid of bile duct 46 cases(/common bile duct.html), injury bile tract during LC 6 cases.

10. Objective To summarize the experience of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration ( LCDE ).

11. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCDE) with primary duct closure is a new clinical technique of managing choledocholithiasis .

12. Metheods Laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct with choledochoscopy via choledochotomy was performed in 105 patients, T tube was placed in all patients with laparoscopic suturing technique.

13. To study of endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST ) in patients with stricture of common bile duct post cholecystectomy.

14. Objective To explore the feasibility and minimally invasive value of laparoscopic choledochotomy with exploration and choledocholithotomy and primary suture of common bile duct.

15. Top right: Double gallbladder with independent cystic duct entering the common bile duct.

16. To investigate the effects and safety of precut sphincterotomy in difficult common bile duct cannulation of ERCP.

17. Gallbladder polypi and gallbladder stones have lots of differences with common bile duct stones in conjugated bile acids.

18. This study reports our first year's experience of endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones.

19. Conclusion The affusion-test is utility method to diagnose the distal common bile duct injury in operation.

20. Objective To explore the method and effect of primary closure of choledochostomy with placement of a modified biliary stent after common bile duct exploration.

21. Endoscopic stone extraction included movable stones that could be returned into common bile duct and irremovable stones that should be intubated and extracted aided by EST (endoscopic sphincterotomy).

22. Bile continually secreted from the cells of the liver into the common bile duct and gallbladder.

23. Another 64 - year - old male was referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography because of common bile duct dilatatin in sonography.

24. This combination of three kinds of endoscopies for treatment of common bile duct stones with acute choledochitis is useful with few complications, it is worthy of generalization.

25. Objective : To investigate the safety of primary closure of common bile duct after laparoscopic exploration.

26. Objective:To evaluate intestinal canal function in patients who underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)and open common bile duct exploration(OCBDE)for choledocholithiasis.

27. Objective To investigate the effect of lithoclasty plus basket in exploration of common bile duct by cholangioscopy and the main technical points.

28. Objective To study the protective effect of tea oil which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acid on the heart in the common bile duct ligated rats.