1. The hapless governor, who had vainly tried to uphold the sultan's authority, was beheaded by the janissaries in 1801.

2. In fact, the behaviour of the janissaries bred a smouldering resentment which erupted from time to time into acts of armed resistance.

3. At first the rebels appealed to the sultan, whose authority they claimed to be upholding against the janissaries.

4. Janissary Musketeers now fire consistently.

5. Janissary archers shower the enemy with arrows , weakening and breaking formations before the infantry move in.

6. In the Balkans, the Turks may have been slightly old-fashioned but their Janissary armies were no laughing matter for anyone facing them, even if they could be beaten.

7. The Turkish army must play to its strengths, namely its formidable mounted archers and janissary units.