1 Cytogeneticists have long suspected that these chromosomal anomalies are linked with cancer, but only now has their message been deciphered.

2 The handicap is caused by a chromosomal abnormality which basically means that there is an additional chromosome in the cells.

3 The presence of other chromosomal deletions in colorectal cancer suggests that several more tumour suppressor genes have yet to be identified.

4 She describes her study of human chromosomal mutations, working, for example, with children with restricted growth.

5 The other main chromosomal abnormalities are: Cat-cry Syndrome, which causes severe mental handicap, but is comparatively rare.

6 These examples illustrate the central problem of characterising chromosomal deletions - how do you know when you have identified the target gene?

7 Thus a gene for chromosomal fratricide will spread as surely as a murderer will inherit the Earth.

8 Which of the following conditions has a chromosomal cause?

9 Inherited diseases are caused by changes in chromosomal DNA.

10 Chromosomal anomaly are associated with abnormal childbearing.

11 Chromosomal translocation is a kind of common chromosomal abnormality.

12 Chromosomal disorder: Syndrome caused by chromosome abnormality.

13 The physician should also order chromosomal and hormonal studies.

14 The incidences of fetal chromosomal anomaly and selected adverse pregnancy outcomes were correlated to PAPP - A concentration.

15 Chromosomal location of genes for multispikelet character of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) line " 88F2185" was determinated by monosomic analysis.

16 The transformation of liposome-entrapped chromosomal DNA was carried out in Str. fradiae, a neomycin producer.

17 The field of this course mainly studies the chromosomal disorder, single gene disorder, polygenetic disorders, genetic diagnosis and counseling.

18 The chromosomal aberration test: The injection of the extracts and the controls was the same as the micronucleus test.

19 Additionally, results of the analyses of chromosomal aberration induced by chronic irradiation, regional irradiation, and historical exposure were presented.

20 The rate of chromosomal mutation was positively related with W-SC.

21 Mouse spermatogonium chromosomal aberration test and sperm malformation test were used to assess reproductive toxicity.

22 Plasmids are exta - chromosomal doublestranded,[] circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

23 Results The chromosomal location of the greenish yellow signals could be directly identified on the R banded chromosome background.

24 There would seem to be no difference in the amount of chromosomal material present, simply in its distribution into chromosomes.

25 Although Belinda was 37, she decided against amniocentesis or any other test to detect chromosomal abnormalities.

26 Loss of tumour suppressor function requires inactivation of both alleles, usually by chromosomal deletion or point mutation, or both.

27 Then , the factors of colchicine and making process have affect on chromosomal sample quality.

28 The variations of CKC may be the main reason for the chromosomal nondisjunction during meiosis that is attributed to the adverse pregnancy.

29 The results indicated that benzamide could induce micronucleated cells and chromosomal aberration.

30 These results suggest that the drug resistance to these antibiotics mainly results from chromosomal mutation of Vp strains.

31 Klinefelter syndrome is still the most common chromosomal disease, balanced translocation accounts for largest proportion of autosomal abnormality.

32 Objective To show the impaction of chromosomal abnormalities on abortion, mental retardation, primary amenorrhea by chromosome exam.

33 RESULTS:The results of sperm morphology rates, the sperm chromosomal aberration test and the bone marrow micronucleus rates were negative.

34 Methods: The chromosomal G banded karyotypes of 37 cases with primary amenorrhea were analyzed.

35 Of all the chromosomal aberrations, the appearance of asynapitc univalent and resultant pollen abortion was the major cause of seedless fruits.

36 The chromosomal complement of Bactrian Camel has been studied by means of peripheral blood lymphocytes culture.

37 Intersexuality is the condition of persons born with a significantly atypical development of their sex organs or with certain chromosomal irregularities.

38 Studies on the chromosomal morphology and banding pattern in Beta vulgaris L.

39 Objective:To investigate whether high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1(HMGB1) can activate macrophages to secrete IL-18.

40 The NBS1 is a component of the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex (MRN) and plays a critical role in the DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and the maintenance of chromosomal integrity.

41 Methods The changes of aberration yields induced by different radiators were determined using chromosomal aberration assay in both bone marrow cells and spermatogonia.

42 Objective To observe chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus in peripheral blood lymphocyte.

43 The site is about the some general properties and a chromosomal display of Methanococcus jannaschii DSM2661.

44 Aberrance of the Chromosomal in 20 patients ( 3.7 % in 545 patients ) .

45 Reduction of chromosome number and decrease in chromosomal aberration rate.

46 Mitochondrial Eve is the female counterpart of the Y - chromosomal Adam, the patrilinear most recent common ancestor.

47 Through comparative analysis, the chromosomal aberration rate of 13 Jinnan stud bulls is in normal range in this study.

48 The molecular mechanism for chromosomal aberration and micronuclei induced by holmium ions was most probably DNA breakage to root-tip cells of vicia faba.

49 In mammalian species, a variety of chromosomal rearrangements are known to exist.

50 Conclusion: Long-term and low dose can induce the increase of the rate of chromosomal aberration in radioactive working personnel.

51 Objective : to assess the relationship between azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and Y chromosomal microdeletions.

52 There have been recent advances in methods aimed at mapping chromosomal regions.

53 Conclusion:Maternal serum PAPP-A might be a marker for predicting fetal chromosomal anomaly.

54 Objective To discuss the correlation between sex chromosomal abnormalities and gonadal dysgenesis.

55 Objective : To study the chromosomal aneuploid incidence of severe oligozoospermia spermatozoa.

56 Objective: To establish a new,[http:///chromosomal.html] rapid and clinical practical molecular cytogenetic method for diagnosing the chromosomal diseases as well as guiding aristogenesis and prenatal diagnosis.

57 In Ames test, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assay BaCl 2 showed negative results.

58 No difference was observed in chromosomal number, relative length and chiasma location.

59 There is a weak but fairly convincing association between chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and echogenic foci in the heart.

60 Methods:In 4 cases of acute radiation injury, radiodosages were estimated, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination results and chromosomal aberration rates were compared and analysed.

61 There are two test options available between the 15th and 18th weeks to screen for chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects such as Down’s syndrome and spina bifida.

62 In this paper, the influence of benzamide on the frequency of micronucleated cells and chromosomal aberration in the root tip cells of Vicia faba was evaluated.

63 Telomeres are a special structure of chromosomal ends of somatic cells.

64 To check an egg for chromosomal abnormalities, doctors use a laser to make a small incision in the outer membrane, which allows them to extract the polar body and the chromosomes it contains.

65 MATERIAL AND METHODS: Conventional chromosomal aberrations and G - banded karyotype analysis were used.

66 Chromosomal disorders occur in 0.5 % of Births; many can now be diagnosed before Birth by amniocentesis.

67 The following images represent a rare chromosomal anomaly diagnosed at 26 weeks of pregnancy.

68 Objective To analyze the chromosomal changes and its clinical significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).

69 The common patrilineal ancestor of all humans alive today has been dubbed Y - chromosomal Adam.

70 On the significance of chromosomal data in the evolutional study of Taxodiaceae.

71 Hybridization in situ technique was employed to detect the chromosomal aberration in tumor tissues.

72 Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA.

73 Duplication can be created by unequal crossing over, retroposition, or whole genome ( or chromosomal ) duplication.

74 The stomatal size was positively related with the chromosomal ploidy .

75 In addition to chromosomal and hormonal causes, there may also be environmental factors involved in producing intersexual conditions.

76 The Study included five experiments, i. e, acute toxicity test and accumulative test of rats, bone-marrow micronucleus test and testis chromosomal aberration test of mouse, and Ames test.

77 Objective To report two male azoospermic cases of chromosomal chimaera and Y chromosomal microdeletions.

78 Results: Round-headed spermatozoa were lack of acrosome and the acrosin activity was low. Meanwhile, there was an additional band located in the Y chromosomal short arm.

79 Enriched UO2F2 could result in chromosomal aberrations in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes.

80 The centrosome, the major microtubule organizing center regulates cell division through forming bipolar mitotic spindles and plays an essential role in the maintenance of chromosomal stability.

81 Objective To investigate the clinical significance of chromosomal aberration of low dose professional radiation for workers in radiology departments.

82 Methods: Chromosomal karyotypes were examined in 199 male patients with oligospermia and azoospermia history by periphery blood lymphocyte culture and G banding.

82 try its best to collect and create good sentences.

83 Telomeres are linear chromosomal end special regions of eukaryotic cell and related intimately on the cells aging and the developing of malignant neoplasm.

84 Objective To investigate the chromosomal abnormalities and fusion genes of childhood acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ).

85 Objective To detect the characteristic chromosomal changes in Chinese children with infantile autism.

86 A tentative discussion about the relation between the chromosomal and the organic evolution.

87 The majority of aberrations are sporadic although on rare occasions a chromosomal disorder is directly inherited.

88 The results indicate these ABLs have the same background with ZS97B except that only one or few chromosomal segments derived from the donors affect grain shape.

89 To shield the transgene from the affection of chromosomal position effect and improve its expression efficiency, another cHS4 insulator was inserted into the upstream of transgene cassette.

90 Conclusion: Gene have different degree loses in abnormal chromosome karyogram, result in chromosomal gene linkage not equilibrium and and emergence clinical effect.

91 The mutagenicity of avermectin on male germ cells was studied by the method of analysis of chromosomal aberrations in mouse spermatogonia.

92 The author thinks that chromosomal abnormality is of importance to causing spontaneous abortion and puts foward a series of proposals on eugenic.

93 These data revealed that the chromosomal DNA probes of Bacteroides fragilis could detect the common clinical Bacteroides with high sensitivity and specificity.

94 Objective : To investigate the relationship between chromosomal abnormality, AZF microdeletion and azoospermia.

95 The main meiotic chromosomal aberration of PMC are multipolar division, loose pairing, inversion, tetravalent, interlocking chromosome, unequal segregation, straggling chromosome, bridge and laggards.

96 Conclusion:Thus, these results indicate that chromosomal abnormal karyotype in human is the main cause of congenital malformation, hypoplasty of sexual organs, recurrent abortion and infertility.

97 Objective To explore the chromosomal aberration ( CA ) in lymphocytes caused by lead, arsenic, and benzene.

98 Methods:Collect spermatozoa of 10 severe oligozoospermic patients and 5 normospermic patients, three-color Fluorescence in situ Hybridization was performed to detect the chromosomal aneuploid.

99 The aberrations included chromosome bridge, chromosome fragment, chromosomal adherence, ring chromosome, micronuclei etc.

100 Episome --- A DNA element that either can exist as an autonomously replicating sequence in the cytoplasm or can integrate into chromosomal DNA.

101 The rate difference may show a relationship between the development tumor at jaw face and chromosomal anomaly.

102 It is well known that dys-regulating cell cycle causes chromosomal instability and results in turmerigenesis.

103 Anormal screening test means that the risk of a chromosomal abnormality is reduced, but not zero.

104 Objective To evaluate their genotoxic risk in nurses occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs with chromosomal aberration test and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test.

105 Chromosomal mutation, called aneuploidy, is the cause instead, and it destabilizes chromosomal patterns.

106 In this study , we used cytogenetic Methods: To identify the chromosomal abnormalities in patients with autism.

107 Tuberous sclerosis(TS) is an exceptional chromosomal inherited disease, This disease was mainly diagnosed by three clinical appearances: epilepsy, intellectual disturbance, and sebaceous adenoma.

108 With different concentrations of sewage and aluminum sulfate as a mutagen, pea root tip cells in the mitotic index, micro-rate and the rate of chromosomal aberrations are determined.

109 The second process involves another type of genetic accident called a chromosomal translocation.

110 Centrosome is a kind of tiny cellular organ, and it plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular polarity and chromosomal segregation during mitosis.

111 BACKGROUD & AIM : To assess the mutagenic effects of folpet at chromosomal level.

112 The rate of chromosomal aberration in the workers working in grass root hospitals(0.421%) was higher than those working in upper level hospitals(0.083%).

113 Analysis of chromosomal karyotype in 637 cases of genetic counseling shows that abnormal rate are more higher in Down′s syndrome, Turner syndrome,[http:///chromosomal.html] primarily or secondary amenorrhea cases.

114 Methods: The mutation for ALD were studied with PEC micronucleus test in bone marrow cell of mice in vivo and chromosomal aberration test of CHL in vitro for ALD.

115 The levels of chromosomal aberration and free radical scavenge system were determined in 58 patients with vitiligo.