1, Cyclization occurs readily with dilute alkali.

2, This paper describes the various cyclization reaction by neighboring group participation.

3, By adjusting the reaction temperature or using different cyclization methods, condensation is carried out, and indanone dimmer and indanone trimer can be obtained respectively.

4, Application of samarium diiodide in mediating intramolecular cyclization reactions was reviewed.

5, Aqueous titanium trichloride promoted intermolecular reductive cyclization of 1,2 -diketone and o-nitroaniline in basic media provides a convenient method for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives.

6, Menthol was obtained from lemon eucalyptus oil via cyclization and catalytic hydrogenation.

7, Study progress on cyclization of citronellal to(-)-isopulegol over catalysts is reviewed.

8, Inveatigation of the chemical cyclization of poly ( amic acid ), obtained from HQDPA and m 3 MPDA, were perfomed.

9, Allene oxide cyclase (AOC) catalyzes the stereospecific cyclization of an unstable allene oxide to (9S, 13S)-12-oxo-(10,15Z)-phytodienoic acid, which is the precursor next to jasmonic acid.

10, With thiourea and n-butyl acetoacetate cyclization, and then replaced with dimethyl sulfate, then reactions occur with the amine to produce ethirimol, the total yield is 51.7%,[http:///cyclization.html] LC 97.8%.

11, The recent development about applications of ionic liquids(ILs) to transition metal -catalyzed cyclization of alkyne and enyne compounds was introduced.

12, Methods Apraclonidine was synthesized from P-Nitraniline by reaction with reduction, adding protection group, formylation, chlorination, cyclization, off-protecting group.

13, Synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid through sodium ethoxide catalyzed synthesis of coumarin -3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, followed by saponification, acidolysis cyclization was studied.

14, With p-methylbenzonitrile as starting material, the fluorescent bleaching agent bisbenzoxazole diphenylethene (OB-1) was synthesized by chlorination, cyclization and condensation.

15, The phenomonon was explained in view of the mechanism of chemical cyclization of amic acid.

16, Sodium ethylate was used as catalyst in Baker - Venkataraman of cyclization, and all factors were studied.

17, Method The target compound was synthesized from clarithromycin via hydrolyzation, acetylation, cyclic carbonatation , oxidation, de carbonatation, acylation, cyclic carbamatation and cyclization.

18, The cracking and skeletal isomerization became more strong with the rise of reaction temperature, while oligomerization, cyclization and hydrogen transfer reaction became weaker.

19, Bromacil was synthesized using 2-bromobutane and urea as the starting materials in three steps including condensation, cyclization and bromination with total yield of 61%.

20, This paper reports the improvement on the synthesis of 5 methylisoxazol 3 formamide by Claisen condensation of diethyl oxalacetate followed by cyclization and ammonolysis.

21, Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride was prepared from benzoyl chloride by acidylation, hydrogenation, cyclization with an overall yield of 8.05 %.

22, METHODS Cilnidipine was synthesized from cinnamyl alcohol by esterification, feminization and condensation - cyclization.

23, Methods 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline was synthesized from phenethylamine through three steps:acetylation with acetyl chloride, cyclization with PPA and reduction with potassium borohydride.

24, Screening for 2 - bromo-butyric acid as the starting material, after ammonolysis, esterification, ester amine solution, split, five-step cyclization reaction Levetiracetam.

25, With acetophenone as staring material, hropirimine was synthesized by acylation, cyclization and bromination that total yield was 34.5%.

26, METHODS Strontium ranelate was synthesized from citric acid via decarboxylation , esterification, cyclization, alkylation, hydrolysis and salification.

27, Methods: Starting from diethanolamine, BP 897 was prepared via chlorination, cyclization, substitution aminolysis and condensation reaction.

28, Method:Telmisartan was prepared form 2-n-propyl-4-methyl-6-(methoxycarbonyl) benzimidazole by a 3-step process of cyclization, condensation, and hydrolysis.

29, Also the optimum reaction conditions including formylation, method and reaction time of cyclization were studied to enhance the yield. In the end, their fluorescence spectrum are analyzed.

30, N butyl 2 ethoxy thioacridone was prepared from o chloro benzoic acid and p phenetidine by means of Ullman reaction, cyclization, N alkylation and sulfurization.

31, Methods: Simvastatin was synthesized from lovastatin via several steps involving acetylization, methylation , hydrolytic decomposition and cyclization reactions.

32, Using BF3-Et2O as a catalyst, the title compound was synthesized from allyl alcohol and epichlorohydrin by a series reaction included addition and cyclization .

33, METHODS Bropirimine was synthesized by 3 steps reaction of acylation, cyclization and bromination with ethyl acetoacetate as staring material.

34, Cyclization and tautomerization give intermediate 10 , which will react with a third equivalent of the grignard reagent ( 2 ) to give a dimagnesium indole salt ( 12 ).

35, Celecoxib as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, was synthesized from p-methylacetophenone and ethyl trifluoroacetate by successively condensation and cyclization in 67% overall yield.

36, The cyclization reactions of carbodiimide 14 with chiral amide ethyl ester was firstly studied. The results showed that the carbodiimide 14 reacted quickly with amide ethyl ester at room temperature.

37, Tinoridine hydrochloride was synthesized from benzylamine by condensation, cyclization, decarboxylation,[] cyclization and then salt formation in an overall yield of 55.2%.

38, Methods: Simvastatin was synthesized from lovastatin via acetylization, methylation, hydrolytic decomposition and cyclization reactions.

39, In Chapter III, we have developed the Ag-catalyzed intramolecular organic azide and alkyne cyclization to synthesize of 1,3-disubstituted isoquinolines or non-substituted isoquinolines.

40, That is dehydrogenation and cyclization of paraffins, dehydrogenation and aromatization of naphthenes, and cracking reaction to form C 5 lighter products.