1) This is the Normal or Gaussian curve and represents the distribution of events due to chance.

2) Its relationship both to the Gaussian curvature of two-dimensional surfaces and to tidal forces is discussed.

3) Using Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations.

4) Then add a Gaussian blur filter to the layer.

5) Further, assume that the noise obeys a gaussian distribution.

6) However, price changes actually do not follow Gaussian distributions.

7) The intensity uniformization of Gaussian beam is desired for many applications.

8) It theoretically ensures that denoising method for Gaussian noise can also be used for Pulse noise and Possion noise.

9) Based on the Gaussian signal detection principle under Gaussian noise, the correlation detection is analyzed in theory.

10) A new method which improves the hybrid Gaussian model is presented, which allows the system to learn faster and more accurately and adapt effectively to the changing environments.

11) To remove mixed impulse noise and Gaussian noise in digital images, a hybrid filter based on the adaptive median filter and the adaptive weighted mean filter are proposed.

12) This toolkit provides Gaussian Quadrature complete source code, has been tested.

13) Equations between tensors have the property that they remain valid under the general transformations between Gaussian coordinate systems in curved space-time.

14) It is always possible, even in free fall, to obtain non-vanishing metric connections by choosing Gaussian rather than Cartesian coordinates.

15) Therefore K 1 and K 2 have opposite signs and the Gaussian curvature K is negative.

16) We shall now briefly bring out the relationship between the Gaussian curvature and the Riemann curvature tensor.

17) Spaces with more than two dimensions require more than a single parameter to describe the Gaussian curvature at a given point.

18) A second property is that the local distances are given by a metric equation in the Gaussian coordinate separations.

19) Probability graph paper exists to show the extent to which a distribution deviates from the Gaussian shape.

20) This relation generalizes for all two-dimensional surfaces to become where K is again the Gaussian curvature.

21) The map of daily surface air temperature distribution, using the modified Gaussian weighted model A and B, can accurately reflect the temperature-changing-with-topographical-altitude trend.

22) A Monte Carlo simulation example for a Bernoulli - Gaussian input white noise fused smoother shows its effectiveness.

23) This paper points out that we can use the density function of the Gaussian distribution to set a thinned array, extending the covariance matrix will advance the gain clearly.

24) It can be used not only to simulate real time radar clutter achieved by experiments, but also to generate non Gaussian random data sequence based on given power spectral characteristic model.

25) A polarimetric adaptive matched filter with the coherent radar against a gaussian background is presented.

26) The relation between numerical aperture and the passing power rate of semiconductor laser in collimating system has been studied through the parameter equations of fundamental mode Gaussian beam.

27) The theoretical result is illustrated with numerical examples of Gaussian beams passing through a spatial filter.

28) The three-phase harmonic power flow is directly solved by Gaussian elimination method with linear nodal voltage equation,(http:///gaussian.html) thus there exists no convergence problem.

29) To deal with the pedestrians tracking problem in video surveillance, an algorithm based on Gaussian probability is proposed.

30) This thesis makes fitting for B - spline wavelets by Gaussian function frequency modulated , time shifted and amplified.

31) First, we determine which pixel may match with Gaussian distribution, then update the parameters of Gaussian model and rebuild background based on least squares by recursion.

32) At certain coupling times, the probability distribution function is Gaussian.

33) The algorithm is based on feature matching, and the so-called features mean zero-crossing points detected with various sizes of Laplacian of Gaussian operators.

34) Copy now the mask layer, applying to it Filter - Blur - Gaussian Blur.

35) Classical saliency-based visual attention models are adapted for embedding real-time systems with less time and space costs based on approximate Gaussian pyramids of the input image.

36) This method can also be used in other signal processing field to estimate white Gaussian noise.

37) Randomness in this case is modelled as a Gaussian white noise process.

38) The paper discusses image denoising in both cases of Gaussian noise and Impulse noise.

39) Based on the Gaussian elimination technique and its relevant theory of the matrix decomposition, a variant of the revised simplex method that possesses better numerical stability is discussed.

40) Aim To study the relations between the thought of Gaussian intrinsic differential geometry and Gauss's earlier research on non-Euclidean geometry.

41) This paper compares the BER performances of them for white Gaussian noise channel theoretically.

42) The analysis results show that the solution of DT function exists for the ion beam removal functions of Gaussian shape.

43) The comparisons between the simulated results of two models and experiments show that double ellipsoidal model is better than Gaussian model on three-dimensional analysis.

44) Utilizing a new truncated gaussian beam , maximum smoothness and minimal thermal effect are the goals.

45) In this paper, transformation of astigmatic Hermite cosh Gaussian beams through an optical symmetrizing system is studied.

46) The waveform of UWB signals can be reconstructed by convolving the estimated impulse signals with Gaussian monocycle.

47) This paper deals with the detection of weak transient signal buried in non - Gaussian noise.

48) The proposed scheme adopts the Gaussian probability model to depict the parameters of SVM,[] and updates the parameters of SVM based on the incremental learning SVM without saving the training data.

49) The diffraction of super Gaussian beams by an elliptic annulus is studied numerically.

50) These extensions lead to generalized Gaussian quadrature formulas which have high algebraic precision.

51) It is investigated that the characteristics of stochastic resonance of the periodic pulse signal added Gaussian white noise through a threshold system.

52) Gaussian elimination method is one of the most basic methods for solving linear equations.

53) Based on complex ray method, a paraxial approximation analysis of Gaussian beam transmission through a dielectric radome is presented.

54) The Markov chain Monte Carlo move plus Gaussian white noise is used in sample variance and breeding, and the MH sampling algorithm is used to select sample, too.

55) Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes are described in detail for a total variation-based image restoration problem with Gaussian kernel at different boundary conditions.

56) Long-term diffusion model of atmospheric pollutant (ISCLT3) called regulatory model is a kind of Gaussian model recommended by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.

57) The welding temperature field, welding longitudinal residual stress and deformation can be simulated accurately using the modified two-dimensional Gaussian model.

58) Gaussian approximation method, based on the moment generation function (MGF) of the noises, is introduced to evaluate the bit error rate by taking the polarization into account.

59) White noise tending to Gaussian distribution is implemented by summing uniformly distributed random numbers according to the central limit theorem.

60) A model of flattened Gaussian is used to simulate the flat-topped beam, and the beam order N is defined as the flattened degree.

61) In prediction and modeling, most the responses were found to be best trained using Gaussian input membership functions with a linear output function.

62) We then describe an entropy penalized AMS learning algorithm on Gaussian mixture.

63) Propagation of flat and Gaussian light beam in biological tissue is simulated with Monte - Carlo method.

64) The random signal generator has achieved output control of highly precise Gaussian distribution, and imitated random characteristic of nuclear pulse in amplitude and time.

65) After investigating the propagation property of Gaussian beam, the appropriate parameters of lens coupling system is selected.

66) From Huygens -Fresnel principle, formulas are derived for determing the distribution of the field and intensity on axis when focused Gaussian beam is diffracted at a circular aperture.

67) In this paper, we present a new project for semiconductor optical amplifiers(SOA), in which Gaussian signal pulse can be compressed by using the rectangular control pulse.

68) Researching non - Gaussian signal is a new field of signal processing.

69) The acquisition performance of the PN matched filter is analysed under the condition of Gaussian channel and Rayleigh channel.

70) The generalized Gaussian formalism is applied to praseodymium fluoride fiber amplifiers to obtain accurate analytic expressions for portion of the core is investigated.

71) The performance of time hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) UWB system using this wavelet monocycle was studied under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.

72) The realization of OSF in the case of real target radiated noise in the background of Gaussian white noise for equal spaced line array is illustrated.

73) It will be useful to summarize the relevant Gaussian formulae.

74) Through comparison, the optical filter responses of the TE-TM mode conversions of AOTF with Gaussian weighting function are better than AOTF with Cosine weighting function.

75) Maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) of digital signaling subject to intersymbol interference (ISI) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is considered.

76) This is called the normal distribution or the Gaussian distribution--it's a continuous distribution.

77) The transmitting property of the periodic pulse trains added to additive Gaussian white noise though a threshold system is considered theoretically.

78) When the signal is interfered with white gaussian noise, the external information of the observed can be expressed by the plenitude statistic, and output signal can also be checked.

79) The propagation formula of the cross-spectral density of partially coherent flattened Gaussian Beam(PCFGB) through ABCD optical system was derived using Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral formula.

80) First, it based on the Probability of every pixel in the time-domain of each Gaussian model, which is used to update the Weight and the Background.

81) Based on Gaussian random process model and continuous-time system in time domain , this paper analyzes the effect on baseband and intermediate frequency sampling due to clock jitter.

82) A linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) stochastic optimal control was developed for networked control systems with network-induced delays longer than a sampling period using a time-division control mode.

83) However, the digital random vibration control systems currently based on power spectrum fitting can only generate random vibration exciting signals with Gaussian probability distribution.

84) To deal with the multiple pedestrians tracking problem in video surveillance, an algorithm based on Gaussian probability model was proposed.

85) There are many defects in the Gaussian model, which is used to describe the far-field distribution of semiconductor lasers.

86) VC have a uniformly distributed random numbers, Gaussian distribution with the base 01 can be arbitrary.

87) With the same spatial extensions, the angular spreading of the Lorentz-Gauss distribution is higher than that of the Gaussian distribution.

88) To analyze the performance of this new FSP, the electric field distribution formula is derived by Gaussian electric flux theorem and the superposition principle.

89) The denoising of a natural image corrupted by Gaussian noise is a classical problem in image processing.

90) The output signal - to - noise ratio ( SNR ) in an additive white Gaussian noise ( AWGN ) channel is calculated.

91) As a result of numerical calculation, the square planoconcave resonator with a Gaussian reflectivity mirror has good choosing capability for transver...

92) The focus is on coding techniques for approaching the Shannon limit of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, their performance analysis, and design principles.

93) Gaussian Mixture Density and Decomposition ( GMDD ) is a hierarchical clustering method based on robust statistical theory.

94) The basic principle was analyzed by using a Gaussian input short pulse and its characteristics were discussed by numerical simulation.

95) Super Gaussian sliding - frequency filters can be implemented with holographic fiber gratings.

96) This paper presents an algorithm to edge detection by scale multiplication based on Gaussian filter.

97) Background modeling was based on mixture Gaussian model, which had strong adaptive capability for variety of external factors, such as illumination change, shadow, object shelter and etc.

98) The objective of using Gaussian in this course is to understand better chemical reactions and transition state theory, in addition to the computations of thermochemistry.

99) Using intra-scale dependency of wavelet coefficients and generalized Gaussian model, this paper proposes an adaptive neighboring threshold value de-noising method.

100) Second the original images were preprocessed by Gaussian filter and contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)method to weaken the effect of noise, light and contrast.

101) In Gaussian noise channel and power line channel, this emulational system calculate out relationship between bit error rates and signal to noise ratios.

102) In the GMM, 32 mixed orthogonal Gaussian density functions have been used to realize the system objective and the LBG algorithm is used in the initialization process.

103) The numerical experiments also indicate that the condition numbers of random matrices tend to be stable, and Gaussian elimination is almost stable. The strictly proof will be further researched.

104) In this paper, Gaussian lineshape function is used to derive the theoretical formula of error signal.

105) Moving areas about human are segmented by using hybrid Gaussian model as background, tracked by Kalman filter, and recognized by using a color-based model.

106) Theoretical analysis shows that the STLS solution is maximum likelihood estimate when the sensor noise is Gaussian.

107) Such as Gaussian distribution of unknown parameters can be estimated, but it can not get good results of mixed Gaussian density.

108) Gaussian probability iteration method instead of usually used CFAR detector or threshold segmentation is employed to identify the regions of interest.

109) The simulation results show that the improved algorithm has much better performance than the traditional algorithm under the additive color Gaussian noise, short data records and low SNR conditions.

110) In this paper, we propose to use a novel adaptive noise canceller with master slave structure (MS ANC) to cancel those harmonic interference and Gaussian noise appeared in the electrified railway.

111) The results consist with the theoretical calculation using the Fresnel - Kirchhoff's formula in considering incident Gaussian beam.

112) Firstly, using the first order derivative of Gaussian function as the base wavelet, the direction angle function of a planar curve was analyzed on multiple scales to obtain the candidates of corners.

113) In this paper, the influence of SO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants on the World Exposition Area is analyzed by the Gaussian model. The results are ...

114) The controllers are designed by linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) method truncated by a balanced truncation method.

115) By ensemble average method, the concentration distribution and error threshold of quasispecies on single peak Gaussian distributed fitness landscapes were evaluated.

115) is a online sentence dictionary, on which you can find excellent sentences for a large number of words.

116) By Monte Carlo simulations, the effect of the dispersion of the quasi Gaussian size distribution on dynamic behavior of the system is investigated in the same inelasticity case.

117) Intensity of Gaussian distribution impacts significantly the sensing signal of the defocus phase, in which the error percentage achieves 25%, but for other phase profile, the effect is ignorable.

118) Gaussian function is one of the important number theory function.

119) And along with this, an experiential knowledge representation based on Gaussian model was put forward.

120) Gaussian short-pulse laser is applied to excited hydrogen atom in a static magnetic field and to produce Rydberg wave packets. We study the temporal evolution of Hydrogen Rydberg wave packets.

121) The phenomenon of scattering-induced spectral switches of polychromatic Gaussian beams in the far zone belongs to the effect in singular optics.

122) The Gaussian curvature of No.3 coal seam in Qinshui basin is calculated.

123) In this thesis the phase instability of binary Gaussian core model has been investigated with the type of the phase instability be chara.

124) As a non-linear filter, the morphological filter outperforms the linear filter(eg. Gaussian filter) in precise edge localization, and better represents the detailed spatial information of images.

125) A free particle gaussian wave packet is used as an example.

126) First, according to the practical application, the performances and parameters of early warning radar are specified including Gaussian pattern and pulse repeat frequencies (PRF).

127) From the propagation theory of partially coherent light, spectral anomalies and spectral switches of Gaussian Schell-model beams focused by an astigmatic aperture lens are studied.

128) The beams from the lensed photonic crystal fibers have similar behaviors as Gaussian beams, but the data gotten from the measurement and the theory are still discrepant .

129) The gaussian distribution is the familiar bell - shaped curve.

130) Two edge detection operators of second derivative model, the discrete Laplacian of Gaussian (DLOG) and Laplacian of binomial distribution (LOB) operators are introduced in this paper.

131) A range image segmentation algorithm based on Gaussian mixture model of surface normal is proposed.

132) This algorithm carries out the Gaussian elimination directly to GC(A) without finding the canonical form of A.

133) Secondly, geodesic Gaussian basis functions are defined on the graph. A shortest path obtained by a shortest path faster algorithm is used to approximate a geodesic distance.

134) Traditional Kalman filter is an optimum filter for linear or Gaussian distribution problem, which is not suitable for nonlinear evaluation issues.

135) A new ultra-wideband(UWB) Gaussian pulse generator composed of a step recovery diode(SRD), a field-effect transistor(FET) and a Schottky diode was developed.

136) Extended - order cross - correlation matrix based MUSIC method and its performance in non - Gaussian and color noise are discussed.

137) Moreover, the Gaussian distribution of the displacements of Brownian particles and the linear growth of its second moment with time are verified.

138) The background of diminishing method based on the improved mixture Gaussian model was presented, and used to detect moving objects.

139) The Gaussian model mentioned in the paper involved the Gaussian plume model that knew the track of transfer, the Gaussian plume model for wind direction(), and the Gaussian puff model.

140) The fading statistics is achieved by in-phase and quadrature modulation at the radio signal by two independent Gaussian noise signals.

141) The real arbitrary waveform generator that can generate single acoustic frequency signal modulated by Manning window and Gaussian window is developed.

142) A new approach for decreasing the amplitude characteristic deviation of Gaussian filter in surface roughness measurements is presented.

143) Multi-variety linear regression program is compiled using the least square method and the Gaussian elimination.

144) On the basis of the theory model of the excimer's Partly Coherent Flat-top Gaussian Beam (PCFGB ), the diffractive characteristic of micro-lens array (MLA)homogenizer is theoretically analyzed.

145) The Normal Distribution Tutorial: A tutorial on the Normal or Gaussian distribution.

146) The LD astigmatic Gaussian beams transformation through SML is studied by the use of Collins formula and matrix optics. The beam intensity function is given.

147) This paper uses an approach of approximate wavelet multi scale edge detecting algorithm based on Gaussian filter and vector differential operator.

148) An image super-resolution algorithm based on wavelet-domain local gaussian model is proposed.

149) The performance of time-hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) UWB system using MHP is studied under additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channel.

150) At last,(http:///gaussian.html) the suitable Fuzzy Gaussian background model matching current background is determined by fuzzy recognition.

151) A method for separating double - overlapping Gaussian peaks by computer graphical solution is presented.

152) Synthetic test shows that the method presented here is superior in suppressing Gaussian colored noise.

153) Gaussian beam (GB) method is a high-frequency asymptotic method of computing wave-fields in inhomogenous media.

154) A Gaussian approximation method, based on the moment generation function (MGF) of the noises, is introduced to evaluate the bit error rate by taking the polarization into account.

155) This paper describes the design and the test results of Gaussian frequency shift keying for bluetooth.

156) The free-space propagation and focusing properties of the LP01 mode are studied and compared with those of the fundamental Gaussian mode.

157) To regularize the DTI images, the authors adopted Gaussian - MRF models.

158) A device widely used with GTO basis functions is that of a contracted Gaussian set.

159) Opti-mal comfort is defined as a minimum root mean square value of a stationary Gaussian random process weighted with respect to human sensitivity.

159) try its best to collect and create good sentences.

160) In this letter, we used a fundamental mode Gaussian beam to induce evanescent field, and calculated the electric intensity.

161) The method analyzes the human eyes by spatial frequency and Contrast Sensitivity Function(CSF), and defines the Gaussian mask by the viewing distance automatically.