1. These errors have effects on diffractive efficiencyof DOE.

2. Far field optical measurement shows a high diffractive efficiency of the fabricated diffractive structure.

3. Placing a diffractive optical element(DOE) on the incident laser beam to improve the depth of focus, the DOE'S aperture is variable.

4. The electronic addressed liquid crystal display forms different diffractive optical elements.

5. The exponential gain, the diffractive efficiency, the response time, photoconduction and signal to noise ratio or the crystals were measured.

6. Discussing diffractive efficiency of DOEThere are alignment errors , linewidth errors and etching errors infabrication of DOE.

7. The diffractive efficiency is measured and the errors are analyzed.

8. The imaging spectrometer using diffractive optics has compact construction, small volume and rapid scanning speed, and its practical ground manufacture have been visible.

9. The limitation of scalar method for diffractive grating is evaluated by comparison with rigorous coupled - wave analysis.

10. The diffractive optical elements(DOEs) used in imaging systems has many advantages, such as achromatization and thermal compensation besides the features of saving in mass and volume.

11. Diffractive efficiency of Fresnel lens is important factor to evaluate the quality of Fresnel lens.

12. Finally , a diffractive phase element with the asymmetric structure is designed using the self - programming emulating package.

13. The calculation result shows that for the scattering on light nucleus, there is no second diffractive maximum, but on heavy nucleus, there is a second diffractive peak.

14. Based on the small spot scanning theory, the authors presented a special method to test the optical performance of diffractive microlens arrays with small F number.

15. By this way we can design high diffraction efficiency, as well as lager numerical aperture diffractive lens under current machine fabrication condition.

16. Based on the theory of scalar diffraction and on the Fourier optics, a formula of the diffractive efficiency with alignment error for the 4 step Fresnel lens is obtained.

17. The method to select phase coefficients for automatic design of Diffractive Optical Elements ( DOE ) is presented.

18. Photolithographic patterning and thin film deposition were used for manufacturing multilevel diffractive optical element ( DOE ) .

19. Four kinds of laser source are used to measure the diffractive efficiency of Fresnel lens.

20. Then Fourier model method, mostly applied to study the diffractive properties of gratings is adopted to analyze the diffractive image field in thick film photo resist.

21. From the characteristic of harmonic relief patterns, the a thermalization and achromatism of harmonic diffractive element have been studied in the paper.

22. A numerical model is presented that predicts the transformation of monochromatic wave over complex bathymetry, includes both refractive and diffractive effects.

23. It is pointed out that linewidth error has very large effect of BOEs diffractive efficiency.

24. The objective of this thesis is to discuss the microfabrication of three kinds of diffractive optical elements, namely, collimator, beam splitter, and astigmatic lens.

25. It is a common belief that the Pomeron exchange is responsible for this diffractive process.

26. A new optical real-time processing method was proposed to weaken the zeroth -order diffractive spot in the power spectrum using a Gaussian high-pass filter.

27. A linewidth stabilizing method for defocusing laser direct writing is proposed for further improvement of line quality of diffractive optical elements.

28. On the basis of the theory model of the excimer's Partly Coherent Flat-top Gaussian Beam (PCFGB ), the diffractive characteristic of micro-lens array (MLA)homogenizer is theoretically analyzed.

29. Then geometrical theory of diffraction method is used to analyze and compute diffractive field of the area except for offset paraboloidal antenna's front axis, and it is the difficulty of the paper.