(1) In this dissertation, the probabilistic seismic response of liquefiable foundations and earth dams was carried out via stochastic finite element method under nonstationary seismic loadings.

(2) The liquefaction, the lateral flow of the liquefiable ground, and the embankment settlement generated by embankment damage are the main reason for the damage railway.

(3) The probabilistic evaluation of liquefaction to liquefiable sites is carried out by an equation established by the author.

(4) The different seismic responses of underground structures in liquefiable soil at different burial depths were studied using the nonlinear coupled finite element method.

(5) Pile foundation is an important measurement for improving liquefiable subsoils. Rainily the design methods in this field, published in seismic regulation and codes, are various.

(6) The dynamic interaction of pile-soil-structure in liquefiable site, especially, the seismic response on pile, are studied with the method of whole dynamic finite elements under seismic condition.

(7) The result shows that treatment of liquefiable foundation with the gravel piles has great advantage and the liquefaction potential reduced.

(8) The results show that there is great advantage for liquefiable ground improvement by the gravel piles and the liquefiability potential reduced.

(9) By using the nonlinear layer-element analysis model and its theory which is proposed by the authors of this paper, the reinforcement of liquefiable foundation is analyzed and studied.

(10) Based on the background of metro construction in Nanjing city, a large-scale shaking table test is accomplished to model the dynamic soil-tunnel interaction with liquefiable soils included in site.

(11) These results provide the foundation and references for the seismic design of shallow underground structures in the liquefiable soils.

(12) Catastrophic damages to the ground structures can be caused by large ground deformation due to seismic liquefaction. Therefore liquefiable ground in earthquake must be improved.

(13) The application of gravel pile composite foundation is extensive in practical engineering for reinforcing liquefiable sandy ground due to its effectiveness and adaptability.

(14) Reasonable ground treatment scheme selection will direct affect treatment purpose and project schedule when constructing large coal yard on soft and liquefiable ground in a highly seismic area.