1 Surface magnetization or an ionosphere can also provide a magnetosphere.

2 The ionosphere is a complex medium, which is aeolotropy, asymmetry, dispersive and changes randomly with time.

3 The ionosphere is a principal factor determining whether or not the wave normal angle satisfies transmission condition through the ionosphere.

4 Plasma irregularities are ubiquitously existed in the ionosphere, including E region and F region.

5 The geospace, which includes the upper atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere, is the most important region of human space activities.

6 The ionosphere is that region of space contatining electrically charged species.

7 It traps charges, lowering the voltage on the ionosphere, and on us.

8 Ionosphere is dispersive media. This shift operator method is then applied to the dispersive medium case. The recursive relation for D and E available for FDTD computation is obtained.

9 When atmospheric conditions are right, radio waves bounce off the ionosphere and can be received many thousands of miles away.

10 These studies help us to understand the coupling between magnetosphere and ionosphere, and complex natural phenomena such as the aurora.

11 This also produces most of the ions in the Cytherean ionosphere.

12 In terms of radio propagation, varying electrical conductance in the ionosphere influences either the absorbency or reluctance of radio emissions.

13 These high frequency radio programmes can be bounced off the ionosphere which at certain high frequencies acts like an electrically charged mirror.

14 It attempts to modify the electric currents in the ionosphere during a display of the lights and to observe the results.

15 Project waterhole has reinforced earlier theories that electric currents in the ionosphere cause the strange phenomenon of the Northern Lights.

16 The results mentioned above are important for studying the characteristics of low latitude ionosphere and are significant to develop an ionospheric prediction model.

17 This paper gives a whole new method based on time difference of arrival ( TDOA ) and ionosphere reflection.

18 The influences of the electronic induction drag on the variation of the orbital elements of a charged satellite moving in a magnetic-field-free ionosphere are studied.

19 Its upper limit is determined by the conditions in the ionosphere.

20 The distinct difference between the numerical results and the experimental one at higher altitudes is due to anomalous heating of the F layer ionosphere.

21 In radio communications, one of the three regions which form the ionosphere.

22 Based on the theory of wave propagation in random media,[] ionospheric effects on radio wave propagation and the feasibility of short-term forecasting of fading signals in ionosphere are examined.

23 The sky wave over the horizon radar (OTHR) is a new mechanism in which the ionosphere is used as a mirror to reflect the radar high frequency signal to detect the target.

24 The SPS was also capable of causing physical changes in the ionosphere.

25 Due to the frequency selectivity, non-stationary and multipath effect of the ionosphere, it is difficult to measure the beam width of OTHR antenna in azimuth of this kind of radar.

26 Rockets and artificial satellites can go far above the ionosphere.

27 Above the stratosphere, blue layers mark the upper atmosphere (including the mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere) as it gradually fades into the blackness of outer space.

28 Based on the electron density profiles which were inverted from digital ionograms, a Chapman function is used to give a fitted model of ionosphere.

29 To enable long-distance communication, many telecommunication systems transmit radio signals via the ionosphere.

30 The transmission of the sky wave is realized by the reflection from ionosphere, especially after reflecting many times, to achieve global communication.

31 The super - powerful radio waves are beamed to the ionosphere, heating those areas, thereby lifting them.

32 The ionosphere is an important error source of GPS positioning.

33 In this paper, we discuss the effect of the Earth's oblateness and ionosphere on the retrieval, and analyze the result of the local curvature correction and the ionosphere calibration.

34 Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, followed by the ionosphere and capped by the exosphere.

35 This energy soon showered Earth's upper atmosphere, tearing apart atoms in a region called the ionosphere to a greater depth than an ordinary solar flare and causing them to glow.

36 An inversion technique based on Genetic Algorithm for obtaining ionosphere layer parameters from vertical incidence and oblique ionograms are studied in this dissertation.

37 No commercial aviation receivers currently use this process to reduce errors due to the ionosphere.

38 It does this by periodically altering the flow of the auroral electrojet—a natural current that exists in the ionosphere some 100 kilometers overhead.

39 Their main limitation is that they are incapable of rising to the ionosphere.