(1) Especially in hearing - handicapped children , endolymphatic hydrops plays a major causative role in acute hearing loss.

(2) Objective: to observe morphologic characteristics endolymphatic duct in guinea pigs.

(3) It'should be differentiated among endolymphatic hydrops , perilymph fistula , mumps deafness , and otitis media with effusion.

(4) Objective To develop endolymphatic hydrops in both ears of guinea pigs by aldosterone.

(5) The presigmoid petrosal intersection and fissure for endolymphatic sac should be used as landmarks for drilling petrous bone to decrease injury to internal structure of the petrous bone.

(6) ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of retrosigmoid vestibular neurotomy and Endolymphatic sac surgery for treatment of Meniere's disease.

(7) AQP 2 located in stria vascularis , Corti's organ , spiral ganglion and endolymphatic sac.

(8) Objective To study the relationship of blood flow (ESBF) and the posterior meningeal artery (PMA) and posterior vestibular artery (PVA) in endolymphatic sac of guinea pigs.