1. For instance, with tar sands and oil shales, surface mining is the most economical method of recovery.

2. Coal, iron, manganese, gypsum, oil shale and other minerals.

3. Jintang mining area of oil shale lies in the central Maoming Basin which is half - graben basin.

4. The original commentary is about typical technologies for oil shale retorting.

5. The crushed oil shale is passed by belt conveyers to raw oil shale bins arranged on the screw conveyers (flow No. 4 in the diagram).

6. A classification table of oil shale ash composition is given out.

7. Coal and oil shale occur alternatively and cyclically in the Paleogene Huangxian faulted Basin.

8. High content clay mineral shale, oil shale and marlite are the main source rocks for large oil or gas fields in the world, which formed in deep water slopes between platform and open sea.

9. Oil shale was formed in semi-saline or saline water environments caused by commixture of sea water with fresh water.

10. Gray-black oil shale and black charcoal shale were high quality source rocks in Jurassic system comparatively.

11. The oil shale of Wulidui Formation in the Wucheng Basin, Tongbai occurs as brown-black, thin and soft slices with an average oil yield up to 6.

12. The existing retorting technology can not exploit the oil shale properly for it can cause pollution to the environment and it is high energy-consuming.

13. The development and utilization of oil shale have a history of nearly 200 years. Because oil shale contains high organic contents, it usually can be used by refining shale oil.

14. Conventional oil shale mining method has higher coat because of restricting by a good many factors.

15. Besides, Estonia, China, German, and Israel have the oil shale combustion equipment for producing power.

16. Then effective methods of enhancing seepage of oil shale are discussed in different depth.

17. More ammonium sulphate solution is being recovered in the process of distilling oil shale.

18. The mix of dust and gas passes three pairs of cyclones for dry oil shale where dried fuel is separated and is given to screws of dry oil shale.

19. Among them, the research of the physical chemistry characteristics of oil shale is the premise.

20. From the air-tight chambers of the screws the raw oil shale is poured into the inner recess of the aerofountain drier (hereinafter AFD).

21. As cement, authigenic mineral or vein, dawsonite is found not only in marine dolomite and oil shale, but also in terrigenous fragmentary rock and coal measures.

22. Furnaces using solid heat-carrier retorting technology have a complex structure and construction of such furnace is relatively difficult, but the utilization rate of oil shale approaches 100%.

23. Resinite is a rich n 1 aceral in Teriary humic coal, boghead - cannel coal and oil shale fromHuangxian Coalfield.

24. Economically significant deposits of trona, a major source of sodium compounds , and thick layers of oil shale were created in the arid environment.

25. Second, we should expand American oil production by tapping into the extraordinary potential of oil shale.

26. These retorts were designed for supplying the Estonian Power Station with shale oil produced from unconcentrated fine-grained (energy) oil shale.

27. Mother rock types of provenance controlled the characteristics of chemical composition and types of ash component of oil shale.

28. This experience can be used by China to guide the development of its oil shale retorting sector in a healthy and sustainable way.

29. This article envisions the trends in the development of oil shale retorting technologies and concludes that Estonia′s experience and practice can be used for reference for China.

30. The heat contained in stack gas exceeds that required for drying raw oil shale.

31. The key parameters of the oil shale resource appraisement consist of ore-bed recoverable thickness(H), orebody effective area(S), orebody weight(D) and orebody resource types, etc.

32. Raw oil shale is transported into four measuring bins by belt conveyers.

33. The shale oil from oil shale by the retorting technology is an ideal substitute for nature oil.

34. Aiming at using actuality for oil shale of small size in china, Making use of equipment of Pyrolysis that developed by ourselves distilled shale oil from oil shale of small size in lab.

35. Deep lake oil shale in the lower part of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation is the most important high quality source rock in Dongying Sag.

36. According to oil shale resources situation in our country, more study should be given in the in situ thermal processing technique than retorting processing technique.

37. There is a great deal of oil shale, belonging to coal series Kaolin, in a coal mine.

38. The country also abounds in petroleum, natural gas, oil shale[/oil shale.html], phosphorus and sulphur.

39. The reserves of oil shale in the world was up to 475 billion ton when converted into shale oil and 5.4 times equivalent to the natural oil which proven to be recoverable reserves.

40. Pgrolysis mechanism of small - size oil shale was described and its technological flowsheet was introduced.