1 The general level of wages exceeded the marginal disutility of employment.

2 It is normally posited that the marginal disutility of employment is an increasing function of the actual level of employment.

3 Labor Disutility in substitution of Leisure Utility.

4 Regional disparity may result in disutility in the family, area development, and even social stability, which contradicts the construction of harmonious society.

5 Introducing pollution with disutility to utility function in a stochastic economic growth rate and pollution level by using stochastic optimization method.

6 Introducing pollution with disutility to utility function in a stochastic economic growth stochastic optimization method.

7 Under the extended family-life-cycle model, marginal disutility of work and pension system decide the effect of pension on spouses retirement.

8 Conclusion:Less disutility and better effect can be gained by using the method than by using others about micro-invasive neurosurgery.

9 The first two variants of the model imply that their marginal disutility of leisure is very high after the first period.

10 Third, an incumbent auditor's investment in client-specific audit technology may change the auditor's type and, in turn,[] increase the client's disutility from switching.

11 The utility of the wage when a given volume of labour is employed is equal to the marginal disutility of that amount of employment.

12 The principal has to pay additional fairness rents ( FR) to compensate the disutility of agents with fairness preferences, which results from unfair allocation of material payoff.