1 "You're profiting off a second-line effect, " he says.

2 Selecting optimal second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia patients after imatinib failure: does the BCR-ABL mutation status really matter?

3 The current recommended second-line treatment regimens are complex, of long duration, and require intensive monitoring of adverse events and treatment outcomes.

4 In general, PTU is considered second-line drug therapy except in patients who are allergic to or intolerant of MMI.

5 Unless prices for second-line regimens fall significantly, budgetary constraints may put treatment programmes at risk.

6 Given the emergence of resistance to first- and second-line antimicrobials for the treatment of enteric fever, a bivalent vaccine against both SPA and S. typhi would facilitate for disease control.

7 Effective treatment requires that all six classes of second-line drugs are available to clinicians who have special expertise in treating such cases.

8 If it is not effective, a second-line treatment is given.

9 The choice of second-line treatment depends on your previous treatment, duration of response (how long you remained free of disease before your lymphoma returned), and your current disease state.

10 Supplies of second-line drugs are inadequate to manage even the small proportion of cases enrolled for treatment.

11 Better second-line drugs — some are already in the pipeline — are needed, and treatment strategies should be tested and standardised in large clinical trials.

12 This type, which made headlines in 2006 following an outbreak in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, is resistant to virtually all the highly effective drugs used in second-line therapy.

13 Objective To observe and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in de-escalation treatment of retreated serious pulmonary tuberculosis with second-line anti-TB drugs.

14 Patients have to wait for the test results before they can receive life-saving second-line drugs.

15 The WHO is currently working with the Indian government to enhance the capacity of Indian laboratories to test the susceptibility of tuberculosis strains to second-line drugs.

16 The partnership's Global Drug Facility (GDF) is an initiative that aims to improve access to first- and second-line drugs and diagnostics.

17 One of the products, Cycloserine, is particularly important because it is a second-line medicine, necessary to treat tuberculosis that is resistant to standard treatment.

18 After reviewing the actual goal of the meeting, the second-line manager was able to identify an agenda and required participants, reducing the attendance list.

19 Moreover, UNITAID has committed a total of US$ 45 million for second-line antiretroviral drugs to fund the treatment of 65 000 patients by 2008.

20 While encouraging reductions have occurred in the price of first-line regimens in most low- and some middle-income countries, the demand for expensive second-line regimens will continue to increase.