1. However, not everyone who inherits the gene develops dystonia, a phenomenon known as reduced penetrance.

2. Patients with generalized dystonia grapple with involuntary muscle spasms that lead to uncontrolled twisting and turning in awkward, sometimes painful postures.

3. The adverse reactions such as tremor, acute dystonia, akathisia were slight.

4. Objective To explore the pathogeny, clinical characteristics and therapy of dopa - responsive dystonia ( DRD ).

5. Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and GCHgene mutations in patients with dopa - responsive dystonia ( DRD ).

6. Conclusions Botulinum toxin type A local injection is a safe, effective, simple and easy means for the treatment of facial muscle dystonia.

7. Objective To study the clinical characteristics of patients with dopa - responsive dystonia ( DRD ).

8. Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of dopa - responsive dystonia ( DRD ).

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9. Results: The medicines, which caused the children acute drug-induced dystonia were metoclopramide, haloperidol, perphenazine, penfluridol, and then the cold powder in turn.

10. Neurostimulators are already approved to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, as well as obsessive compulsive disorder.

11. The FDA has already approved DBS as a treatment for neurologic disorders, including essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.

12. Objective To explore the clinical remedy of facial muscle dystonia.

13. Objective To explore the clinical feature and treatment method of the dopa responsive dystonia ( DRD ).

14. Results: Of 101 patients, 5 cases were found with extrapyramidal symptoms in which 4 with akathisia and 1 with dystonia.

15. Extrapyramidal syndrome complicated and varied clinical manifestations, was paroxysmal attacks, muscle tremors, convulsions, salivation, and so reverse the acute torticollis dystonia.

16. Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of dopa - responsive dystonia ( DRD ).

17. Their clinical symptom includes walking unstable, speech disorder, ataxia, dystonia.

18. We report a 12-year-old Chinese girl who presented with acute encephalopathic illness with predominant features of rigidity and dystonia.