(1) Take out the cardiac valve and observe them through the eyes and electron microscope.

(2) Methods: 110 cases of cardiac valve replacement have been analyzed.

(3) Method: Cardiac valve replacement was performed in 52 patients after closed mitral commissurotomy.

(4) Objective To discuss the etiology of cardiac valve calcification in elderly.

(5) Objective : To study the effect of movement training on patients after cardiac valve surgery.

(6) Objective : To study the cure and treatment of cardiac valve replacement during the peri - operation.

(7) Objective To summarize the nursing points for patients with brain hemorrhage after cardiac valve replacement.

(8) Methods The shape, size, echo, distribution and valve injure of cardiac valve excrescent were detected with echocardiogram by thoraces in 28 cases with infective endocarditis.

(9) Objective:Senile Degenerated Heart Valvular Diseases(SDHVD) is a result of degenerated prossese in fibra layer of cardiac valve as well as calcium deposition.

(10) Methods Intraoperative TEE was performed in 97 patients with cardiac valve insufficiency.

(11) Objective To probe the risk factors of early acute renal failure ( ARF ) after cardiac valve replacement ( CVR ).

(12) Objective : To sum up the experience in the perioperative management of cardiac valve replacement.

(13) Objective To provide the scaffold material of decellularized homograft bioprosthetic valve (HBV)for establishing of tissue engineering cardiac valve in vitro, and related technique.

(14) Objective To study the compliance of anticoagulant therapy for patients after cardiac valve replacement.