1. Results Protein - loaded microspheres showed good sphericity and narrow diameter distribution, the encapsulation efficiency reached 95 %.

2. The image of sphericity which does not located the principal optic axis is an ellipse based on pinhole model, and the image center offsets from the projection of the sphere center.

3. The results indicate that high sphericity and smooth-faced alumina based ceramic microspheres can be obtained by twice sintering process.

4. The likelihood ratio criterion of sphericity test, its asymptotic expansion and limiting distribution are obtained.

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5. Concentricity, sphericity of micro shells prepared by the technique was typically more than 98 %, 99 % respectively.

6. All sand grains are quartz sands. Sorting and roundness and sphericity of particles are in good grade-level. Quartz sands are scattered in microcrystalline dolomitic sands in "floating" state.

7. Error of minimum zone applies to the criterion of Sphericity Error of minimum condition principle.

8. Sphericity Error of minimum zone applies to the criterion of Sphericity Error of minimum condition principle.

9. In commercial applications of phase Doppler anemometry (PDA), the effectiveness of non sphericity of particles is present and the response of PDA system deviates from the theoretical prediction.

10. An algorithm based on the immune evolutionary computation ( IEC ) is proposed to evaluate sphericity error.

11. The results show that, typical morphologies of vanadium carbide appears in the shape of sphericity and strip, and chromium carbide appears lump and lath.