1. Two of the pioneers of X-ray diffraction were William Bragg and his elder son, Lawrence.

2. X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques continue to provide important clues, leading towards an understanding of the remarkable specificity of enzymatic catalysis.

3. Today crystal structures are analyzed by computer-controlled x-ray diffraction equipment.

4. And x-ray diffraction allows us to characterize solid matter.

5. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that CLS can promote the growth of ettringite and restrain the growth of CSH at early-age, while the long-term growth of CSH is not be affected.

6. Analysis of milk protein fiber by X-ray diffraction showed that its crystalline region is composed of PVA molecules arranged regularly, and the results amorphous region consists of milk protein.

7. By using electronic probe analysis, SEM analysis, x-ray diffraction and cathodoluminescence analysis, we can determine the main types of pores in the reservoir.

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8. X-ray diffraction and polarizing microscopy show that both crystalline region of PEO and amorphous region of PAM exist in the copolymer.

9. The zeolite HZSM-12 was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron micrography and adsorption.

10. By comparision between the Mn-Zn ferrite preparation processes, X-ray diffraction analysis and electron probe microanalysis, the properties of eutectic synthetic powder were investigated.

11. One of the simplest is an ionic crystal like sodium chloride, the first mineral analyzed after the discovery of x-ray diffraction.

12. Generally it is very difficult to tackle the problems aroused from differences in crystallinity of clay minerals and preferred orientation in quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of clay minerals.

13. The components of Fe-Al intermetallic compound coating were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction.

14. Basic principle, experiment condition, operating process, method and steps of X-ray diffraction method to determine free silica content of respirable dust in mines are introduced in this paper.

15. The project loan from Italian government is used for purchasing of three-axis experiment, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, such as conservation and monitoring equipment.

16. The fine structure of blend acrylic fiber has been characterized by using techniques based on X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, density mea-serement, mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption.

17. The dehydration technology of bischofite by butanol complexation distillation was studied by such methods as X-ray diffraction and elementary analysis.

18. The morphology and structure of the powders were investigated by scanning electron micrography (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

19. Now the typical means to measure residual stress are polariscope, X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, ultrasonic and so on.

20. The influence of anomalous scattering on retained austenite determination in steel by X-ray diffraction method was investigated.

21. The as-prepared composites were characterized with regard to their components, size, structure by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), differential thermal analyzer(DTA-TG).

22. The structural and magnetic properties of the granular film are studied by atomic force microscope, energy dispersion X-ray spectrum, X-ray diffraction, and alternating gradient magnetometer.

23. The hydration properties of limestone powder in a complex binder system were studied by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer.

24. The crystal structure, morphology and luminescent properties of samples were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope and spectrofluorometer, respectively.

25. In helium gas of 37 Torr, particles with diameter of 100A were obtained. X-ray diffraction presents the pattern analogous to amorphous state.

26. The effect of testing factors, such as the different diffraction angle, step-length and scanning rate, was analyzed preliminarily on the X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns in this paper.

27. The changes of the electric match composition at different time simulating accelerated life test were analysed by X-ray diffraction.

28. Two forms of des-(B chain C-terminal pentapeptide) insulin crystals are grown for preliminary X-ray diffraction observations. Crystallographic data for these crystals have been obtained.

29. The change of the crystalline structure of UHMWPE fiber was studied by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) , wide angle X-ray diffraction ( WAXD) and Raman spectroscopy.

30. Composition of inorganic phases and order degree of lamellar structure were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD).

31. AlN films were prepared on hi alloy substrates by cathode sputtering, and the effect of gas pressure on crystal orientation and residual stress in AlN films was investigated by X-ray diffraction.

32. The base-theory of MA(mechanical alloy), XRD(X-ray diffraction), EXAFS(extended X-ray absorption fine structure) applying in material analysis have been introduced in detail.

33. The solid solubility of Ce ions in BaTiO_3 lattice and the effect of the Ce doping on the structure of BaTiO_3 dielectric ceramics were investigated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy.

34. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to measure the degree of crystallinity and the orientation of flax fiber during retting.

35. The nematic thermotropic liquid crystalline behaviour of ten kinds of PEAs obtained was studied by polarizing microscope, DSC and X-ray diffraction.

36. A method of identification for low content chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite in brake rubber of bicycle by the united way of polarized light microscope and X-ray diffraction had been established.

37. The calculated value is found to agree with the Ultraviolet spectrum data and the X-ray diffraction data for the molecular crystal.

38. X-ray diffraction (XRD) field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) was employed to characterize product which was synthesized by flux method.

39. The prepared product has been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micrography (SEM).

40. Optimal operating conditions were determined. Besides , field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (X-RD) were used in characterization of precipitates.

41. Modified calcium sulphate whiskers are characterized with active exponent, contact angle, SEM, X-ray diffraction and IR respectively.

42. The physical and chemical properties of the carbon black are detected, and its microstructure is analysed by High Revolution Electromicroscopy (HREM) and X-ray Diffraction.

43. The structure of an amorphous inorganic ion exchanger-stannic hexametaphosphate is postulated with radial distribution function (RDF) by X-ray diffraction.

44. The liquidus temperatures determined by petrographic microscopy method are in better aggreement with those determined semiquantitatively by the extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction intensity.

45. The experiment data of X-ray diffraction are analyzed by using factor analysis and cluster analysis in Statistical Program for Social Sciences(SPSS) .

46. Using thin section X-ray diffraction techniques, his paper identified arfvedsonite in volcanic rocks from Songliao Basin, and thus confirmed that the volcanic rocks are composed of pantellerite.

47. This is achieved by first crystallizing the purified biomolecule into ordered arrays and then using X-ray diffraction to analyze the crystals.

48. The phase composition and the change of crystal lattice parameters were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively.

49. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns show that ZAO thin films has a hexagonal wurtzite structure.

50. The compatibility, crystalline structure, transitions and some mechanical properties of PEK-C/PEEK blends were studied by DMS, DSC, X-ray diffraction and Instron.

51. These results are in accordance with the X-ray diffraction data of La(98)HY.

52. The effects of the mass fraction of converter slag on crystallization behavior were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared (IR) spectrum.

53. Kaolinite and the kaolinite-potassium acetate intercalate were studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra.

54. The researchers analysed the sizes and structures of ash particles using a variety of techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

55. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), excitation, emission and phonon side band spectra of the upper and lower parts of crystals were measured.

56. The reaction mainly occured at amorphous region, which was revealed in X-ray diffraction and SEM photos.

57. By examinations of metallograph, microhardness, X-ray diffraction, the author determines the boriding layer's microstructure and hardness curve.

58. The roasting process of copper sulfide concentrate in the presence of calcium carbonate is studied by using the differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric (TG) and X-ray diffraction.

59. The structural change of kaolinite at different temperature has been studied by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, IR spectrography, X-ray fluorescence spectrometric ana lysis and other methods.

60. The molecular interactions in CC were characterised by dilute solution viscometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.

61. The effect of drying temperature on the structural characteristics of the material is discussed by the means of electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction technique and differential analysis.

62. A low-gold content dental casting alloy composed of Ag-Pd-Cu-Au was prepared to study the age-hardening mechanism using DSC, micro-Vicker's hardness, X-ray diffraction.

63. The investigators "successfully and consistently generated the basic alpha-keratin X-ray diffraction pattern in every hair sample."

64. Natural diamond with seed crystal is discovered for the first time in Hunan Province by the study of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction topography.

65. The distribution of silicon in as-cast white iron was studied using electron probe microanalysis. Effect of silicon on lattice constant of the cementite was also studied using X-ray diffraction.

66. The reinforcement mechanism of brucite fiber on portlandite cement slurry was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), non-contacting electrical resistivity meter.

67. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR) were adopted to study the structure change of Armos fibers after irradiation.

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68. The grinding affected layer of carburized and hardened gears has been studied by means of metalloscopy, microhardness measurment and X-ray diffraction in the paper.

69. Phases constitution, microstructure and element distribution of the coating were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA).

70. The structures of the serial copper(I) complexes contained derivative bipyridine ligands have been determined and studied by X-ray diffraction.

71. The distributions of composition, phase-and microstructure were examined respectively by using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

72. Impedance, charge and discharge performance. The crystal structure of calcium zincate composed by ourselves was verified by X-ray diffraction.

73. PAN fibers with different drawing ratio and different preoxidation degree were investigated by means of sound velocimeter and X-ray diffraction meter.

74. The roasting kinetics of copper sulfide concentrate is investigated with the differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermo-gravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

75. The constitutes and structures of oil sludge produced in the process of rolling aluminum foil were analyzed by means of infrared spectrum analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis and XPS analysis.

76. Optical metallographic microscope, micro-hardness tester, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction analysis were applied to explore the process of intermediate temperature tempering transformation.

77. The dynamic changes of cell wall ultrastructures of cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum L. Daizi-15) during development were studied by X-ray diffraction technique.

78. The crystal structure was studied by means of X-ray diffraction, magnetic disaccommodation measurements were carry out with a computer aided system based on a LCR bridge.

79. The nanowires were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), electron energy loss spectroscopy.

80. The crystallinity and crystalline of CB/HDPE and CB/PP composites were studied in this paper, with the using of the X-ray diffraction (XD) and DSC.

81. The changes of preferred orientation of PAN-based carbon fibers during continuous high temperature graphitization and hot stretching graphitization were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).

82. Through analysis of the field scale samples in Wuqi oilfield by X-ray diffraction method, scaling causes and scale control measures are studied in downhole and gathering system.

83. Some properties of the pea starch granules were studied, including microphoto, graphic form, X-ray diffraction pattern, amylose content, molecular weight distribution, solubility and swelling power.

84. The physical properties of WO3 thin films were tested by scanning electron microscope X-ray diffraction and electron prober microanalysis measurements respectively.

85. The effects of rare earth element La during hydrogenolysis were studied by using SEM, X-ray diffraction and chemical and physical analysis.

86. The structures of the three compounds were characterized with X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, element analysis, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

87. Electron microscopy opened up the study of subcellular structures, and X-ray diffraction gave rise to the new subspecialty of molecular anatomy.

88. The structures of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and the impedance spectra and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were measured.

89. The orientation rotations of coarse grains of high purity aluminum sheet were investigated by X-ray diffraction method in tension test of step strain 5%, total 7 steps.

90. The obtained products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).

91. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction (ED) revealed that the resulting product is of pure single-phase rhombohedral structure.