(1) According to the heterotic theory, the algorithm made multi-populations concurrently evolve.

(2) Heterotic groups and patterns among breeding materials provide fundamental information while utilizing heterosis in plant breeding.

(3) It is possible to establish the wheat heterotic group by ISSR marker.

(4) Reasonably accurate division of heterotic group, the establishment of the corresponding heterosis pattern, can be effectively matching combinations.

(5) Higher heterotic combination showed greater difference between their parents not only in DNA marker level but also in morphology.

(6) The utilization of heterotic group is one of the important contents in maize breeding research.

(7) Compared with then- pedigree, the clustering of heterotic groups is reasonable.

(8) Heterotic groups were classified by cluster analysis with RAPDs based on 16 important maize inbreds.

(9) Competition between two types of gametes generated by heterotic translocation plants caused abnormal transmission of translocation chromosome in the gametes.

(10) In this study, hybrid combinations that exhibit heterosis showed reduced expression while combinations with no heterotic response at the seedling stage did not.

(11) Molecular marking technology has been opening a new field for the development of heterotic vigor prediction and theory.

(12) The advantages between combining ability and molecular markers were compared and discussed, which would provide the important theory basis for heterotic grouping studies and utilizing.

(13) Consequently, SSR markers could be used for measuring genetic variation and assigning maize inbred lines to heterotic groups.

(14) The higher stage of wheat breeding is to improve the photosynthesis function of wheat itself. There is a shortcut of wheat breeding to increase the whole function- heterotic effect utilization.

(15) The heterosis analysis showed that the inter-group heterosis was greater than the intra-group heterosis, which indicates the feasibility of dividing rice heterotic groups by using SSR markers.

(16) The faults of the traditional theory and prediction methods of heterotic vigor hindered the further application of heterotic vigor in animal production.

(17) At the same time, genetic diversity of the 27 inbreds was detected by 117 SSR primers to cluster their heterotic groups based on genetic similarity.

(18) Because the genetic distances of Yungui indica and South China indica were bigger than those of all other ecotypes, they were grouped into the heterotic ecotypes of indica rice.

(19) The results showed that EST and RAPD techniques could be used to divide heterotic groups of Lentinula edodes, but polymorphism detected by RAPD were much higher than that by EST.

(20) The kinds of molecular markers were summarized, and their mechanism as well as characteristics about some related to heterotic research were analyzed too.