(1) Determination of ochratoxin A in cereals and cereal products.

(2) Toxicological studies indicated that ochratoxin A is a teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic mycotoxin with the strong toxic effects on liver and kidney.

(3) Cross reactivity was 35% with ochratoxin B, and less than 0.01% with citrinin, patulin, aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone.

(4) Ochratoxin A is a chlorinated benzopyran coupled to the amino acid phenylalanine, produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium sp. associated with food spoilage.

(5) A method for rapid detection of Ochratoxin A colloidal gold strip was introduced.

(6) Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary fungal metabolite produced by several moulds, mainly by aspergillus and penicillium.

(7) Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin and ochratoxin A, are found at measurable levels in many staple foods; the health implications of long-term exposure of such toxins are poorly understood.

(8) Ochratoxin A may act by induction of DNA strand breaks, sister chromatid exchanges, DNA adduct formation, or reactive oxygen but the mechanism of action as a toxin is not yet resolved.

(9) Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin known to be toxic to the kidneys.

(10) Antibodies of anti ochratoxin A (anti OTA) were prepared by immunizing white rabbits and Luoman hens. The immune responses to OTA of these two animals were compared.

(11) Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potent nephrotoxin and a possible human carcinogen, which is harmful for human being and plants and animals. It was first detected in grape and in wine in 1990s.

(12) Ochratoxin B is the non-chlorinated analogue of the much more extensively studied ochratoxin A.

(13) Ochratoxin B has received little focused investigation and its mode of action and potential hazards have been inferred from ochratoxin A.

(14) Conclusion The detection result of the method is satisfactory, which is a scientific and perfect method for detection of Ochratoxin contained in grain and fodder at home and abroad.

(15) Under the above conditions, clean chromatograms were obtained for quantitative detection of Ochratoxin A in grape wine.

(16) Another draft code up for adoption would prevent or reduce Ochratoxin A contamination in wine.

(17) A method has boon discussed for the preparation of ochratoxin A under general laboratory condition.

(18) The Commission adopted guidance to enable coffee-producing countries to develop and implement their own national programmes for the prevention and reduction of Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination.

(19) OTA occurs predominantly in cereal grains, cereal products, spices, coffee beans and legumes. Ochratoxin A seriously threats human and animal healthy and life safety.

(20) It was observed that the citrinin assay is specific, no significant cross reactivity was observed in the presence of ochratoxin A.