| 单词 | short |
| 释义 | Word family noun short shortage shortness shorts shorty adjective short verb shorten short adverb short shortly Related topics: Linguisticsshort1 /ʃɔːt $ ʃɔːrt/ ●●● S1 W1 adjective (comparative shorter, superlative shortest) 1 time 时间SHORT TIME happening or continuing for only a little time or for less time than usual 短（暂）的，短期的 OPP long a short meeting 一个短会 Morris gave a short laugh. 莫里斯笑了一声。 a short course on business English 商业英语短期课程 Winter is coming and the days are getting shorter. 冬天来临，白天变短了。 I’ve only been in Brisbane a short time. 我才来布里斯班不久。 For a short while (=a short time), the city functioned as the region’s capital. 这座城市曾经在很短的一段时间里是这个地区的首府。 I learned a lot during my short period as a junior reporter. 在当初级记者的这段短暂时间里，我学到了许多。 Germany achieved spectacular economic success in a relatively short period of time. 德国在相对较短的时间里取得了非凡的经济成就。 They met and married within a short space of time. 他们从相识到结婚时间很短。 I promise to keep the meeting short and sweet (=short in a way that is good, especially not talking for a long time). 我保证会议开得简短不拖拉。 For a few short weeks (=they seemed to pass very quickly), the sun shone and the fields turned gold. 短短的几个星期里，阳光照耀，田野变成了一片金黄。2 length/distance 长度/距离SHORT/NOT LONG measuring a small amount in length or distance 〔长度或距离〕短的 OPP long a short skirt 一条短裙 Anita had her hair cut short. 安妮塔把头发剪短了。 They went by the shortest route, across the fields. 他们抄近路从田野里穿过去。 Carol’s office was only a short distance away, and she decided that she would walk there. 卡罗尔的办公室并不远，她决定走着去。a short walk/flight/drive It’s a short drive to the airport. 开车去机场很近。 The hotel is only a short walk from the beach. 酒店离海滩只有几步之遥。3 not tall 不高的SHORT PERSON someone who is short is not as tall as most people 个子矮的 OPP tall a short plump woman 一个矮矮胖胖的女人 Chris was short and stocky, with broad shoulders. 克里斯矮小敦实，双肩宽厚。 He’s a bit shorter than me. 他比我稍矮些。4 book/letter 书/信SHORT/NOT LONG a book, letter etc that is short does not have many words or pages 简短的 OPP long a short novel 一部短篇小说 I wrote a short note to explain. 我写了张简短的便条作解释。 → short story5 not enough 不够的 a) if you are short of something, you do not have enough of it 缺少的be short (of something) Can you lend me a couple of dollars? I’m a little short. 你能借点钱给我吗？我手头有点紧。be short of money/cash/funds Our libraries are short of funds. 我们的图书馆缺少经费。be 5p/$10 etc short Have you all paid me? I’m about £9 short. 你们都付钱给我了吗？我大概还差九英镑。I’m a bit short British English spoken (=I haven’t got much money at the moment) 我目前手头有点紧somebody is not short of something British English (=they have a lot of it) 某人不缺某物 Your little girl’s not short of confidence, is she? 你的小女儿自信心很足，是吗？ They’re not short of a few bob (=they are rich). 他们不缺钱。 b) if something is short, there is not enough of it 不足的，短缺的 Money was short in those days. 那时候钱很紧。 It’s going to be difficult – time is short. 难办了——时间不够。 Gasoline was in short supply (=not enough of it was available) after the war. 战后汽油供应短缺。6 be short on something to have less of something than you should have 缺乏某物 He’s a nice guy, but a little short on brains. 他这家伙人不错，只是有点没头脑。 The president’s speech was long on colorful phrases but short on solutions. 总统的演讲辞藻华丽，但缺乏解决问题的方法。7 less than 少于LESS a little less than a number 少于，未达到 〔某个数目〕short of Her time was only two seconds short of the world record. 她的时间和世界纪录只差了两秒钟。just/a little short of something She was just short of six feet tall. 她身高差一点六英尺。8 short notice SUDDENLYif something is short notice, you are told about it only a short time before it happens 提前很短时间的通知，很迟才通知 I can’t make it Friday. It’s very short notice. 我星期五不行，时间太紧了。at short notice British English, on short notice American English 聚会是匆匆忙忙筹备的。 The party was arranged at short notice. 聚会是匆匆忙忙筹备的。9 in the short term/run SOONduring the period of time that is not very far into the future 在短期内 → short-term These measures may save money in the short term, but we’ll end up spending more later. 这些措施在短期内可能会省钱，但是到后来反而会花费更多。10 have a short memory if someone has a short memory, they soon forget something that has happened 记性不好 Voters have very short memories. 选民的记性是很差的。11 be short for something SHORT/NOT LONGto be a shorter way of saying a name 是某事物的简称 Her name is Alex, short for Alexandra. 她名叫亚历克丝，是亚历山德拉的简称。12 be short of breath to be unable to breathe easily, especially because you are unhealthy 呼吸短促，气喘吁吁〔尤因身体不健康〕 He couldn’t walk far without getting short of breath. 他路走长了就会气喘吁吁。13 be short with somebody RUDE/IMPOLITEto speak to someone using very few words, in a way that seems rude or unfriendly 对某人说话简慢无礼 Sorry I was short with you on the phone this morning. 对不起，我今天上午在电话里怠慢了你。14 have a short temper/fuse BAD-TEMPEREDto get angry very easily 脾气暴躁 Mr Yanto, who had a very short fuse, told her to get out. 脾气非常暴躁的杨多先生叫她出去。15 get/be given short shrift SYMPATHIZE#if you or your idea, suggestion etc is given short shrift, you are told immediately that you are wrong and are not given any attention or sympathy 〔观点、建议等〕当即遭到否定，受冷遇 McLaren got short shrift from all the record companies when he first presented his new band to them in 1976. 麦克拉伦在 1976年第一次把他的新乐队推荐给各唱片公司时，受到了他们的一致冷落。16 be nothing/little short of something VERYused to emphasize that something is very good, very surprising etc 毫不逊于…，简 直就是…〔用于强调〕 Her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle. 她的康复简直是个奇迹。 The results are little short of astonishing. 结果太令人惊讶了。17 draw/get the short straw JOB/TASKto be given something difficult or unpleasant to do, especially when other people have been given something better 得个苦差事；比别人吃亏 Giles drew the short straw, and has to give us a talk this morning. 贾尔斯运气不好，今天上午得给我们作报告。18 make short work of (doing) something FINISH DOING somethingto finish something quickly and easily, especially food or a job 迅速完成某事物，轻易解决某事物〔尤指食物或工作〕 The kids made short work of the sandwiches. 孩子们很快就把三明治解决了。 Computers can make short work of complex calculations. 计算机能够迅速完成复杂的计算。19 have/get somebody by the short and curlies (also have/get somebody by the short hairs) British English informal not polite to put someone in a situation in which they are forced to do or accept what you want 强迫某人做，硬逼某人接受I signed the contract – they’ve got me by the short and curlies. 我签了合同，是他们硬逼着我签的。20 be one ... short of a ... spoken used humorously to say that someone is a little crazy or stupid 〔某人〕有点冒傻气[愚蠢]〔幽默用法〕 Lady, are you a few aces short of a deck? 女士，你是在犯傻还是怎么的？ He’s one sandwich short of a picnic. 他有点脑子不开窍。21 short time British English when workers work for fewer hours than usual, because the company cannot afford to pay them their full wage 短工时，缩短工作时间〔因公司支付不起全额工资〕 Most of the workers were put on short time. 大部分工人开工不足。22. in short order formalSHORT TIME in a short time and without delay 在短时间内，毫不拖延地23. give somebody short measure British English old-fashionedSELL to give someone less than the correct amount of something, especially in a shop 〔尤指商店售货〕少给某人分量，给某人的分量不足24. sound 声音 technicalSL a short vowel is pronounced quickly without being emphasized, for example the sound of a in ‘cat’, e in ‘bet’, and i in ‘bit’ 〔元音〕发短音的 OPP long —shortness noun [uncountable] He was suffering from shortness of breath. 他患有气短的毛病。 Shirley was very conscious of her shortness and always wore high heels. 雪莉对自己个子矮很在意，总是穿高跟鞋。 → life’s too short at life(27) THESAURUStime 时间short not long 时间短的,短暂的I lived in Tokyo for a short time. 我曾在东京短暂居住。Smokers have a shorter life expectancy than non-smokers. 烟民的预期寿命比非烟民短。brief especially written lasting only for a short time. Brief is more formal than short, and is used especially in written English 短暂的,短时间的〔brief比short正式,尤用于书面英语〕The president will make a brief visit to Seattle today. 今天总统将在西雅图作短暂访问。He coached Hingis for a brief period in the 1990s. 他在20世纪90年代曾短时间当过辛吉斯的教练。quick [only before noun] taking a short time to do something 很快的,快速的I had a quick look at the map. 我很快地看了一眼地图。He had a quick shower and then went out. 他匆匆洗了澡,然后出去了。short-lived lasting only for a short time – used especially when someone wishes that a good situation had been able to last for longer 短命的,短期的〔尤指某人希望好的状况能长久〕 short-lived success 短暂的成功The ceasefire was short-lived. 那是短暂的停火。a short-lived romance 短命的爱情short-lived optimism about the economy 对经济的短暂乐观 fleeting lasting only for an extremely short time – used especially when someone wishes that something had been able to last for longer 转瞬即逝的,短暂的〔尤指某人希望某事物能持续更长时间〕a fleeting visit 匆匆的访问a fleeting smile 一掠而过的笑容She caught a fleeting glimpse of him. 她只匆匆地了他一眼。a fleeting moment of happiness 幸福的瞬间na fleeting thoughtmomentary lasting for a very short time – used especially about feelings or pauses 〔尤指情感或停顿〕片刻的,瞬间的There was a momentary pause in the conversation. 谈话中有片刻的停顿。The momentary panic ended when he found his two-year-old son waiting happily outside the store. 看到两岁的儿子开开心心地等在商店外面,他一时的惊恐消失了。passing [only before noun] lasting only for a short time – used especially when people are only interested in something or mention something for a short time 〔尤指兴趣或对某事的提起〕短暂的,一时的passing fashions 一时流行的风尚He made only a passing reference to war. 他只略微提及战争。It’s just a passing phase (=it will end soon). 这只是一个暂时的阶段。ephemeral formal lasting only for a short time, and ending quickly like everything else in this world 短暂的,短促的Beauty is ephemeral. 美是短暂的。the ephemeral nature of our existence 生命的短暂His wealth proved to be ephemeral. 他的财富最后转眼成空。person 人short someone who is short is not as tall as most people 个子矮的He was a short fat man. 他又矮又胖。not very tall quite short. This phrase sounds more gentle than saying that someone is short 不是很高的〔比short委婉〕She wasn’t very tall – maybe about 1.60 m. 她不是很高——可能一米六左右。small short and with a small body 个子矮小的My mother was a small woman. 我母亲是个个子矮小的女人。The girl was quite small for her age (=smaller than other girls of the same age). 以她的年龄来说,这女孩个子挺小的。petite used about a woman who is attractively short and thin 〔女子〕娇小的She was a petite woman with blonde hair. 她是一个娇小的金发女子。stocky used about a boy or man who is short, heavy, and strong 〔男孩或男子〕矮而结实的,粗壮的Harry was stocky and middle-aged. 哈里是一个敦实的中年人。dumpy short and fat 矮墩墩的,矮胖的a dumpy girl with red hair 一个矮墩墩的红头发女孩diminutive formal or literary very short or small – used especially in descriptions in novels 非常矮小的〔尤用于小说描写〕a diminutive figure dressed in black 穿着黑衣的矮小身影stubby stubby fingers or toes are short and thick 〔手指或脚趾〕又短又粗的the baby’s stubby little fingers 宝宝胖乎乎的小手指n GRAMMAR: Order of adjectivesIf there is more than one adjective, the adjectives are usually used in a fixed order.You say: I bought a beautiful short dress. ✗Don’t say: I bought a short beautiful dress.You say: She has short black hair. ✗Don’t say: She has black short hair.Examples from the Corpusshort• Suddenly, every day seems just that little bit shorter.• 'What does she look like?' 'She's short and fat, with brown hair.'• Brad is fairly short and stocky.• But it was always widely feared that the narrow time frame was far too short and would work against an effective peace.• a short course in aromatherapy• She has short curly hair and wears glasses.• Sandy took a short cut home.• Do you know any short cuts to the hospital?• It's a short drive from the airport.• Perhaps more significant are the events in the remaining and short history of the Rochdale Co-operative Manufacturing Society.• Please write a short paragraph explaining your reasons for applying to this college.• a short pause in the conversation• I said after a short pause.• It would have been better if they'd closed the road for a short period of time while the repairs were done.• The problem worsens with the relentless financial pressures for immediate performance in the short run.• a short-sleeved T-shirt• The chapters are really short, so I read a couple every night.• Ken gave a short speech at the award ceremony.• Graham made a short speech of thanks after the ceremony.• a short, stocky man with powerful shoulders• a book of short stories• Mr Haddad was several inches shorter than his wife.• I've just been living here a short time.• I really do feel this way for a short time.• Chris went for a short walk to clear his head.• A short while later, the doorbell rang.a short time• How did you manage to do all this in such a short time?• He told me before she came that she was asking for somewhere secret to stay for a short time.• Is he the kind of man to lend you the rings for luck for a short time?• I think he went to prison for a short time.• The police arrived within a very short time.• The talk should only last a short time.• Your friends left a short time ago.• Employees may try working at the new location for a short time and then decide not to continue.• After a short time had passed he began to tap his foot on the kerb impatiently.• Within a short time her influence in the field of social work spread beyond the confines of Denison House.• I thought about my dear wife, and for a short time I felt better.• Alistair arrived at the party a short time later, and he too seemed to be known among the various performers.• Unfortunately, we could only spend a short time together.• As a result of her actions, Amelia became even more popular and within a short time was practically running Ogontz.short distance• They drift off lazily to the west for a short distance.• At first, they assemble a short distance away, shyly facing the adults, who wave, smile, say hello.• It was built without delay, a short distance into Tennison Road, alongside a small market garden.• Taking a deep breath, Eline crossed the road and walked the short distance to Joe's house.• Lytham St Annes, a short distance to the south, has sandy beaches and several excellent golf courses.• She walked the short distance to work, seeing nothing of the beauty of the day.• Even within a short distance we can see remarkable changes of thickness.• The vehicles will go through deep drifts for short distances when the momentum of the vehicle will carry it through.be short (of something)• Can you lend me a couple of dollars? I'm still a little short.• Jill dropped out of college two credits short of graduation.• At first in a bunch, then stringing out, some hastening, some loitering, though the distance is short.• My breath is short, and my heartbeat thunders intermittently in the ear against the pillow.• Communications are short and publication is rapid, providing information on new avenues of research in the shortest possible time.• He was short, in his fifties, wearing a white shirt with a brown paisley pattern.• She can't be short of a bob or two.• The Democrats are three votes short of a majority in the Senate.• Their huts were short tepees protected by tree branches or rounded huts covered with animal skins.• Clinic measurements of children under 2 years of age tended to show length to be shorter than actual. 3.• As the majority of the words would be shorter than this, there would a large amount of wasted space.just/a little short of something• As far as I was concerned, it was just a little short of hack work.Related topics: Film, Drink, Electricalshort2 ●●○ noun 1 shorts [plural] a) DCCshort trousers ending at or above the knees 短裤 a pair of shorts 一条短裤 tourists in shorts and T-shirts 穿短裤和T恤的旅游者 → Bermuda shorts, cycling shorts b) especially American EnglishDCC men’s underwear with short legs 男式短内裤 Craig was standing in the kitchen in his shorts. 克雷格穿着裤衩站在厨房里。 → boxer shorts, Jockey shorts2 in short SUMMARIZEused when you want to give the main point of something 总而言之，简单地说 Carter hoped for greater trust between the two nations, more trade, more cultural exchanges – in short, a genuine peace. 卡特希望两国之间能够增进互信，增加贸易和文化交流——总而言之，要有真正的和平。3 for short used as a shorter way of saying a name 简称，缩写 His name’s Maximilian, but we just call him Max for short. 他的名字叫马克西米利安，但我们简称他马克斯。4. [countable] informalAMF a short film shown in the cinema 〔在电影正片前放映的〕短片► see thesaurus at movie5 [countable] British English informalDFD a strong alcoholic drink that is not beer or wine, drunk in a small glass 〔用小酒杯喝的〕烈酒 SYN American English shot Do you fancy a short? 你要来杯烈酒吗？6 [countable] informalTEE a short circuit 短路 a short in the system 系统短路 → the long and the short of it at long1(10)Examples from the Corpusshort• There must be a short in the system.• He was pale; the portion of his legs between his socks and shorts was white.• Joe explained that oversized jeans were necessary to showcase wildly patterned boxer shorts.• He smiled, taking in Willie's crumpled grey shorts and jersey.• He jerked down his shorts, and sat with legs spread on the edge of a slope-backed chair.• The odd thing is that it isn't the big chaps in shorts who are under fire.• I sat on the rocky slope above Gay Acres, not wanting to stain my white shorts on the grass.short3 ●○○ adverb 1 fall short of something FAILto be less than what you need, expected, or hoped for, or to fail to reach a satisfactory standard 达不到〔目的、期望、标准〕 The Republicans increased their share of the vote, but still fell short of a majority. 共和党得票增加了，但仍达不到多数。 Shares in the company dropped 26p yesterday, as profits fell short of City expectations. 昨天公司股票下跌 26 便士，因为其利润低于伦敦金融界的预期。fall short of a goal/target/ideal The economy fell short of the Treasury’s target of 2% growth. 经济未能达到财政部 2% 的增长目标。fall far/a long way/well short of something Facilities in these schools fall far short of the standards required. 这些学校的设施远远未达到所要求的标准。 One or two songs on the album are interesting, but most fall short of the mark (=are not good enough). 这张专辑中有一两首歌还算不错，但大部分都不怎么样。2 be running short (of/on something) ENOUGH#if you are running short of something, or if something is running short, it is being used up and there will soon not be enough left （某物）使用殆尽，即将用完 We’re running short of coffee again. 我们的咖啡又快没有了。 Our supplies of petrol were running short. 我们的汽油储备量不多了。 Come on, time’s running short! 快点，时间不多了！3 stop short of doing something to almost do something but then decide not to do it 将要做某事时突然罢手，险些做某事 They accused the president of incompetence, but stopped short of calling for his resignation. 他们指责总统无能，差点要求他辞职。4 stop short STOP DOING somethingQUIETto suddenly stop speaking or stop what you are doing, because something has surprised you or you have just thought of something 〔在说话或做事时因吃惊或想到某事而〕突然停下 Seeing her tears, he stopped short. 看到她在流泪，他吃惊地停了下来。5 be cut short STOP something THAT IS HAPPENINGif something is cut short, it is stopped before you expect or before it is finished 突然中断 His career was tragically cut short when, at the age of 42, he died of a heart attack. 他 42 岁时因心脏病发作早逝，事业不幸中断。6 cut somebody short INTERRUPTto interrupt and stop someone when they are speaking 打断某人的话 I was halfway through my explanation when Walter cut me short. 我正解释到一半时，沃尔特打断了我的话。7 pull/bring somebody up short STOP DOING somethingSTOP MOVINGto surprise or shock someone so that they stop what they are doing or saying to think for a moment 让某人怔了一下，使某人愣了片刻 The question brought her up short, but, after a moment’s hesitation, she answered it. 这个问题使她愣了片刻，但她犹豫片刻之后还是回答了。8 3 metres/5 miles etc short of something without reaching a place you are trying to get to, because you are still a particular distance from it 距某处还差三米/五英里等 The plane touched down 200 metres short of the runway. 这架飞机在距跑道 200 米的地方着陆。9 two weeks/a month etc short of something two weeks, a month etc before something 距某时间不到两星期/一个月等 He died two days short of his fifty-sixth birthday. 他在 56 岁生日前两天去世了。10 short of (doing) something IFwithout actually doing something 除非（做）某事 Short of locking her in her room, he couldn’t really stop her from seeing Jack. 他实在没有办法阻止她去见杰克，就差把她锁在房里了。11 come up short to fail to win or achieve something 未能赢取；未能获得 We’ve been to the state tournament four times, but we’ve come up short every time. 我们四次参加州锦标赛，每一次都落败而归。12 go short (of something) ENOUGH# British English to have less of something than you need 不够，欠缺（某物） She made sure that her children never went short. 她确保她的孩子什么都不缺。13. be taken short/be caught short British English informalHBH to have a sudden strong need to go to the toilet when you are not near one 突然要上厕所〔而此时附近正好没有厕所〕Examples from the Corpusshort• He had short black hair, a scruffy moustache and a pointed nose.• Charles was short, heavyset, and forty-three years old.• It is the record of a glory that was short lived, but makes an illustrious event in Aarau's history.• Attempts to introduce drift-nets into neighbouring New Zealand waters were more short lived.Related topics: Electricalshort4 (also short out) verb [intransitive, transitive] TEEto short-circuit, or make something do this （使）短路 The toaster shorted and caused a fire. 烤面包机短路，引起了火灾。→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpusshort• Customers were being shorted about two ounces per glass of beer.• The fire was caused by a toaster that shorted out.From Longman Business Dictionaryshortshort1 /ʃɔːtʃɔːrt/ adjective1not having as much of something as there should be or as much as you needHave you all paid me? I’m still about £9 short.short ofThe insurance fund was running short of cash.2be short of stock/be short on stockFINANCE if someone is short of stock, they have sold shares that they do not yet own, believing that the price will fall before the shares have to be deliveredshortshort2 adverbFINANCE1if someone sells bonds, shares, currencies etc short, they sell bonds etc that they do not yet own believing that the price will fall so that they can be bought more cheaply before they have to be deliveredtraders who sell short2go short (on something) to sell bonds, shares, currencies etc that you do not own, believing that their value will fall and that you will be able to buy them more cheaply before they have to be deliveredThese money managers go short, making bets that certain stocks will decline.shortshort3 verb [intransitive, transitive]FINANCE to sell shares that you do not yet own, believing that the price will fall so that the shares can be bought more cheaply before they have to be deliveredMany were actually shorting the market, betting prices would fall. —shorting noun [uncountable]For those with the nerves for it, shorting can be a grand way to make money.→ See Verb tableOrigin short1 Old English scortshort1 adjective →10-24 →n GRAMMAR1 →THESAURUS1short2 nounshort3 adverbshort4 verbLDOCE OnlineChinese for continuing Corpus or time Business a only or little happening |
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