1. Fig. 2.1 Comparison of mandibular lengths of four barn owl prey assemblages.

2. All mandibular numbers in the tables refer to half mandibles, as for maxillae.

3. In this instance, the mandibular transverse dimensions are normal.

4. There is something wrong with the mandibular joint.

5. She is nipping the mandibular joint, withstands all!

6. Objective To investigate the condensability of mandibular length.

7. The opposite mandibular bone without implants served as a control group.

8. Conclusion Overcoming the problem of serious lowness of mandibular alveolar ridge is the key to strengthening the retention of mandibular full denture.

9. Objective: Evaluate the different kinds of treatment for mandibular condylar process fractures.

10. Methods 16 patients with mandibular retrognathia who were diagnosed as OSA combined with hypertension by polysomnography(PSG) were treated with facial plastic operation.

11. Methods Chiseling the mandibular canal and seeking retrorsely its host from the nerve branch by conventional autopsy equipment to make trigeminal nerve specimen.

12. Objective To evaluate effect and reliability of mandibular reconstruction using free fibula flap bridging titanium plate.

13. Osteoarthrosis or osteochondral tissue destroy of mandibular condyle are common diseases clinically.

14. The mandibular plane angle decreased persistently in males while it decreased more significantly between the 12-16yr age group and the 17-27yr age group in females.

15. The tensor tympani muscle, middle meningeal artery and mandibular nerve are good landmarks to predict and identify the horizontal segment of the internal carotid artery.

16. The diurnal birds of prey and the mammalian predators consistently have the highest rates of mandibular and maxillary breakage.

17. At present, the free iliac bone graft was used to reconstruct the mandibular body defects.

18. Conclusion The hemisection can get satisfactory effect to repair the first mandibular molar with distal tooth reservated by selecting suitable tooth.

19. Objective: To investigate the indication of distolingual and distobuccal alveolectomy in removal of impacted mandibular third molars.

20. Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the change in pharyngeal airway space associated with surgical mandibular setback.

21. Methods Six cases underwent onlay bone graft to the angle and body part of mandible and malar surface simultaneously by using mandibular outer cortex.http://

22. Objective To detect the prominence of the use of pure titanium plate of internal immobilization in treating mandibular bone fractures.

23. Methods:The steps and procedures for making the clasp retained cyst plug was introduced, and it was used in 5 cases of odontogenic mandibular cysts following marsupialization .

24. Objective To evaluate the effects of modified vacuum-formed retainer in the treatment of mandibular retrusion.

25. Objective To study technique of one - stage reconstruction of mandibular defects by using fibula free flap.

26. We present a case of malignant transformation of polyostotic FD into a mandibular osteosarcoma in a non-syndrome-associated 34-year-old male patient in the absence of radiation therapy.

27. Conclusion Two-line osteotomy through an intra-oral approach is a safe, simple and easy-to-follow method in correction of prominent mandibular angle.

28. Objective: To investigate the effect of insulin on the lateral pterygoid muscle after functional mandibular protrusion in rats.

29. METHODS: Using a simple semi-fixed lingual arch combined with the edgewise technology to correct 8 cases with linguoclination or buccoclination of the mandibular molars.

30. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of compressive stress on the proteoglycan synthesis of rabbit mandibular condylar chondrocytes cultured in vitro.

31. Objective To investigate the indications of distolingual alveolectomy in the removel of impacted mandibular third molars.

32. Mesial portion of the mandibular canal wall was not intact.

33. Methods:In clinic, the effect of forming cystitomy on 38 cases of mandibular and maxillary cyst was analyzed.

34. The lower jaw is called the mandible or mandibular bone.

35. Ramus height and condylar width reduced in the mandibular retrusion group, which was a result of condylar growth inhibition during adolescence.

36. Conclusion:This study showed that changes in hyoid bone position were related to changes in mandibular position.

37. This article illustrates some study of mandibular outer cortex and onlay bone graft on basic and clinic area, reports the results of our further basic and clinic research.

38. Objective : To observe the difference of mandibular bone density in aged normal and osteoporotic people.

39. Methods From 1996 to 2001, mandibular angle osteotomy, mandibular outer cortex osteotomy, mandible, genioplasty and buccal pad excision were selected to treat 70 patients.

40. Most of which happened in mesiobuccal canal of maxillary molar and mesial canal of mandibular molar, accounting for 70.7%.

41. Objective:To evaluate the effect of segmental arch technique and implant reinforcing anchorage on depressing the(dongated opposed teeth for preparing enough space for mandibular dental implant.

42. Treatment of deep circumferential bony defects around the mandibular secondary molars is a great challenge to periodontist.

43. Objective: To measure changes in angular position and eruption status of mesially impacted mandibular third molars (M3) during 3-year follow-up period.

44. Besides, the prevelance rate of impacted mandibular third molar, pericoronitis, cheilitis, oral ulcer and tooth trauma investigated was 32.51%, 19.2%, 74.2%, 24.9% and 2.1% respectively.

45. Objective:To evaluate the effect of segmental arch technique and implant reinforcing anchorage on depressing the elongated opposed teeth for preparing enough space for mandibular dental implant.

46. By using Shao Xiangqings methods(1985), a measurement [], statistics and analysis of some mandibular variables of Macaca mulatta in Taihang Mountains was made.

47. In this paper, we reported a case that simultaneously had maxillary bilateral impacted central incisors with dilaceration and mandibular bilateral fused lateral incisors and canines.

48. Methods: 14 patients with mandibular defects were reconstructed by fibula free flaps after ostectomy immediately.

49. The maximun binding changes of the acetylcholine receptor on rat lateral pterygoid muscle after the function mandibular advancement.

50. From the edentulous position to the largest open position, the mandibular protrusion showed marked difference at 5% level of significance.

51. Methods The internal trifocal distractor was used to reconstruct the mandibular segmental defects of 4 canine model.

52. The chin occupied more than 60 percent of the entire mandibular height.

53. Objective:To investigate the relationship among the congenital hypodontia of mandibular incisor and malocclusion and the variation of medial distal dimension of mandibular canine.

54. During the different mandibular positions, the masseter muscle size of adult with high-angle facial skeletal type were always smaller than these of the high-angle group. ii.

55. The cysts are most often seen in the mandibular ramus or angle.

56. ObjectiveTo discuss the design and fabrication of the photoelastic model of mandibular first molar after hemisection.

57. In addition, the changes of width between second bicuspid and mandibular molars showed statistical significances.

58. Objective To search a simple, safe and effective osteotomy for hypertrophied mandibular angle.

59. The concentrated areas of stress were in the condyle neck, the posterior surface of coronoid process and mandibular angle.

60. Results: Mandibular canal was formed by a thin layer of compact bone in spongy bone of mandibular bone.

61. Mandibular ramus reconstruction using embedded self-loading distractor in a rabbit.

62. There was a strong correlation between the amount of mandibular setback and the vertical change of hyoid and pharyngeal airway area.

63. Objective: To investigate the morphology of physiological foramen of mandibular premolars.

64. RESULTS: 78.1% of root canals of first molars had one apical foramen, and two apical foramina mostly occured at mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar and distal root of mandibular first molar.

65. Objective To study the significance and principle of simultaneous orthodontics during mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

66. This paper describes the realization of the simulation of mandibular movements and occlusal contacts detecting when building virtual articulator system.

67. Results:Blood flow of mandibular area were markedly reduced when only external maxillary artery was included in the blood supply pedicle.

68. Methods:The reversed mandibular flap pedicle with facial artery was used.

69. Please consult our mandibular advancement device comparison table if you are unsure about suitability.

70. All the bones of facial cranium developed Intramembranously except that the hyoid bone, inferior nasal concha, processus pyramidalis and mandibular neck developed endochondrally.

71. Objective:To correct mandibular prognathism with the technique of sagittal split ramus osteotomy(SSRO) and extraoral vertical ramus osteotomy(EVRO).

72. Mandibular segmental defect or asymmetry due to congenital or acquired factors will lead to severe functional incapacitation and facial deformity.

73. Fig3-16 Incisal protrusion with tongue thrust forward and hooked over the mandibular incisors.

74. Objective To observe the results of Intraoral curved osteotomy for mandibular angle prominence.

75. Distinct series on head region included the nasal, supraorbital , infraorbital, postorbital, oral, mandibular, gular, supraspiracular series and pair of dorsal line on the body.

76. Methods: 524 cases of impacted mandibular third molars were extracted with air turbine handpiece or chisel, in which 131 cases happened complications during operation or post-operation.

77. ObjectiveTo observe the effects of the two kinds of rigid fixed bridge design on the stress of the alveolar bone of mandibular first molar after hemisection.

78. Conclusion At different functional positions of TMJ, the relationship of the articular disc with mandibular condyle and the mandibular fossa is different.

79. Results:Bifid mandibular condyle deformity was found in most of the fractured condyles.

80. Weight of the rats , mineral density of the mandibular bone and 3 other parameters were measured at 8th week and 12th week.

81. Doctor: There is something wrong with the mandibular joint. It has been overstrained. I'd recommend physiotherapy . Please go with this paper to the physiotherapy department for treatment.

82. ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that mandibular deviation may result in adaptive remodeling of condyle and glenoid fossa as well as the location change of condyle in relative to glenoid fossa.

83. Objective To investigate the changes about mandibular bone mineral density of patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

84. Methods Mandibular angle prominence were treated with the Intraoral curved osteotomy.

85. Cloaca musk deer glands and mandibular glands are all glandular secretion, and its functions related to mating and reproduction.

86. Objective: To inquire into the relationship between the mandibular bone mineral density and vertical craniofacial morphology.

87. Conclusions The net increase in maxillary intercanine width during treatment was more stable than that of mandibular arch.

88. Methods:The anterior parts of 60 mandibular canals of Chinese wet mandible specimens fixed with formol were dissected and measured.

89. The appearances of internal maxillary artery and mandibular nerve in different sections and sequences were compared.

90. A case of mandibular prognathism with facial asymmetry was presented. The missing left central incisor was previously restored with a compromising cantilever bridge.

91. Objective This article is to find the difference between prominent mandibular angle female cohort and normal female cohort by three-dimension cephalometry.

92. Objective To analyse the relationship between pain, edema, trismus and operation difficulty after extracting mandibular third molars.

93. Conclusion:The transposition of the partial clavicular bone flap pedicled with sternocleidomastoid muscle is suitabe for repairing mandibular defect.

94. METHODS: 1 of the 6 first mandibular molars on the right side with normal morphology in vitro was selected for pulpectomy, which was the best in density and near to clinical requirement in morphology.

95. The cephalographs were traced, and 12 homologous landmarks were identified and digitized. Average mandibular geometries were generated by means of Procrustes analysis.

96. Conclusion This is a good approach to reconstruction of mandibular defects by fibula free flap.

97. Conclusion:Bar should be designed according to the alveolar ridge and maxillary or mandibular arch of the patients and the principle of Spiekermann's design.

98. In addition, the interdental space over the anterior region of the mandibular arch was closed.

99. The deformations in subjects with Class III malocclusion may represent a developmental elongation of the mandible anteroposteriorly , which leads to the appearance of a prognathic mandibular profile.

100. Comparing and analysing mandibular bone mineral density of two groups according to their age and sex so as to observe the changes in mandibular bone mineral density of two groups.

101. Objective: To observe and search for an adaptative and efficient treatment methods of mandibular fracture.

102. Unlike the mandibular advancement devices, it is not intended to bring the lower jaw forward.

103. Methods: Measuring the bone density of mandibular angle and coxofemoral region with dual energy X ray absorptiometer(DXA).

104. Objective:Statistical analysis of mandibular molar mesiodistal crown width and tooth length and development of root.

105. Objective : To evaluate the mandibular movement after vertical dimension increasing.

106. Objective: To analyze causes of displacement of the impacted mandibular third molar into the pterygomandibular space and to find out measures for preventions.

107. Objective To study the feasibility of intraoral approach arthroscope-assisted replacement and fixation of mandibular condylar process fractures.

108. Objective To assess the treatment method and outcome of mesially or horizontally impacted mandibular molars.

109. Objective:To explore effects of iodoform gelatin sponge on prevention of dry socket caused by impacted mandibular third molar extraction .

110. Objective To investigate the significance of mandibular functional shift ( MFS ) in diagnosis of anterior crossbite.

111. The titanium mandibular reconstruction system with titanium condyle is a simple and effective method for reconstruction of osteoradionecrosis.

112. Objective : To study the route and position of mandibular tube in mandibular bone.

113. Methods The ovariectomized (OVX) rats were used as a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis to induce mandibular bone loss.

114. Objective: Using the forming Cystitomy to treat the mandibular and maxillary cyst.

115. The samples are gathered for 3 times from supragingival dental plaque on all teeth except mandibular anterior teeth.

116. To evaluate the value of clinical application of CT-guided nasopharyngeal needle biopsy through mandibular notch.

117. Results: 90.9 % patients with mandibular protrusion are satisfied after the operation.

118. Method In stage I treatment,(http:///mandibular.html) rectification using a muscle stimulator plus an outward bow gag was applied to improve the condition of mandibular retrusion.

119. Objective:To retrospectively study the incidence of dry socket after mandibular impacted wisdom tooth extraction.

120. Objective to investigate important adjacent structures of the marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve.

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