1 Lithotripsy; Nephrostomy, percutaneous; Kidney stone; Treatment outcome.

2 Conclusion Percutaneous nephrostomy and anterograde metallic stating are available, less invasive, safe, acceptable treatment in patients with malignant ureteral obstruction.

3 The combinative treatments of transcutaneous nephrocentesis, nephrostomy and ureterolithotomy through ureterocystescope is effective, once ureter stone-street happens after ESWL treatment.

4 Methods Percutaneous nephrostomy and stenting were done in 14 cases of malignant ureteral obstruction.

5 Objective: To evaluate the role of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) in the management of acute postrenal renal failure.

6 Penal stones may be removed instrumentally via percutaneous nephrostomy or by irrigation through a tube placed directly into the kidney.

7 This is called a nephrostomy tube and it drains into a urine collection bag on the skin.

8 Percutaneous nephrostomy is a standard procedure in cases of obstructive uropathy in order to alleviate the obstruction,[] most of which are secondary to calculi.

9 Objective To discuss the necessity for routine placement of nephrostomy tube after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) for renal calculi.

10 Objective To discuss the effectiveness and safety of combined trans-urethral ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrostomy method for the treatment of complex renal-ureteral calculi.

11 The ureteral obstruction and associated hydronephrosis resolved after percutaneous nephrostomy and balloon dilatation of the stenotic ureter.

12 To obtain a definite tissue diagnosis, we performed transluminal forceps biopsy through a percutaneous nephrostomy tract in nine patients with obstructive uropathy.

13 To evaluate the value of clinical application of treating postrenal renal failure with percutaneous nephrostomy(PCN) under the B-ultrasound guiding.

14 Further studies are warranted to define additional measures to reduce discomfort in those requiring nephrostomy tube drainage following percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

15 Objective To evaluate the interventional therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous nephrostomy and anterograde metallic stents in management of ureteral obstruction.