1. Index arbitrage is used to gain risk-free profits from short-term differences in the price of the index futures and the underlying shares.

2. Provided the margin payments earn interest at the risk-free rate, the resulting no-arbitrage condition is unaltered.

3. These should then be discounted by the risk-free rate of interest to produce the present values of and respectively.

4. The market return minus the risk-free return is the risk premium that investors expect for investing in the market portfolio.

5. However, when the risk-free asset is introduced to this situation investors will all either borrow or lend at the risk-free rate.

6. In this variant the risk-free asset is replaced by the zero-beta portfolio.

7. That is why such debt is regarded as risk-free (or in Britain, gilt-edged), although only inflation-linked bonds may merit that description.

8. And money saved is both risk-free and exempt from taxes.

9. Take advantage of spread that can make risk-free arbitrage and cross-commodity arbitrage in order to optimize the hedging effect.

10. The stock price is $50, and the risk-free rate of interest is 8% per annum with continuous compounding for all maturities.

11. This paper extends on the base of risk-free interest rate structure and introduces the model of floating interest rate structure.

12. There really is no such thing as a totally risk-free industry.

13. But doing that inevitably brings the risk back into what was a risk-free investment.

14. The 90 day treasury bill rate was used as a proxy for the risk-free rate of interest.

15. Blood banks must balance hospitals' need for blood with the need to draw blood only from healthy, relatively risk-free volunteers.

16. The advantage of the forward market is that the transaction is risk-free: the price is specified now, with certainty.

17. U.S. Treasury bills are the textbook definition of a safe haven asset, historically one of the most risk-free assets you can buy next to precious metals.

18. Through analyzing and comparing the utility on minimum variance curve with risk-free assets, we find that it's better to invest financial product than risk assets all.

19. The author also considered the optimum portfolio selection problem with risk-free assets and gave a instance to show how to solve the problem.

20. Values lurched downward as investors in British property woke up and stopped accepting ever lower yields: at one stage these had dropped below even yields on risk-free government bonds (see chart).

21. The inevitable levering of asset structures to double or quadruple returns relative to risk-free assets?

22. Historically the great appeal of government bonds to investors is that they are a risk-free, liquid asset.

23. It is not the capital funding of banks that is the problem, but rather the fact that government bonds have lost their status as risk-free assets.

24. "The bond rally is a function of the economy's weakness," said David Resler, chief economist at Nomura Securities in New York. "In a recession, investors want risk-free assets."

25. Insurers invest large chunks of the premiums they receive from customers in government bonds, usually considered risk-free, but now some of these have been hit by the euro zone's debt woes.

26. Even if that saves you just $10 a year, that's 20%. (It will probably save you much more. ) And money saved is both risk-free and exempt from taxes.

27. For the time being, the distress-driven demand for dollars and risk-free assets is pushing down the cost of all this borrowing.

28. If you are buying bonds from a stable government, your investment is virtually guaranteed, or risk-free.

29. And reserves are an attractive vehicle for that: they are one of the world's few remaining risk-free assets, and at 0.25%, they pay more than Treasury bills.