1. Natural language is characterized by redundancy .

2. Computers are increasingly being used for natural language processing.

3. In some circumstances natural language indexing may reflect more closely the terms used by the searcher.

4. Does this mean that the semantics of natural language can not deal with truth and falsity?

5. Human-Machine Interfaces Natural language is the most convenient method for communicating with interactive systems.

6. Natural language is ambiguous and long-winded and these techniques are much superior.

7. Practical natural language systems are by necessity large and complex and modification of such systems can lead to unexpected results.

8. Natural language is used widely in full-text databases, as discussed further in Chapter 19.

8. try its best to gather and build good sentences.

9. It uses a natural language translation front-end to a dynamic non-linear case-based retrieval mechanism.

10. A natural language contains an infinite number of grammatical sentences.

11. Computational questions have become central, not just in natural language processing applications, but also in theoretical discussions within linguistics.

12. However for computer processing of natural language ambiguity causes a large problem.

13. Natural language indexing tends to shift the intellectual effort necessary for effective retrieval to the end-user.

14. Effective retrieval from natural language indexed databases requires sophisticated search software.

15. The next section reviews published natural language applications that have in some way addressed the problem of semantic knowledge representation and processing.

16. This is partly because, with natural language indexing, the indexing language is that of the relevant input documents.

17. For a human reader a discursive natural language definition is a more sensible format.

18. The development of a natural language interface to a database has proved to be more tractable than other applications.

19. Alphabetical indexing languages 16.1 Introduction Control is exercised in respect of the terms used in an index because of the variety of natural language.

20. Numerous projects are based on question-answer dialogues and the development of natural language front-ends for databases. 2.2.2.3.

21. Another important use of statistical grammatical information has been for the grammatical tagging of natural language corpora.

22. Although printed indexes tend to be either controlled or natural language, many large databases can now be searched in both ways.

23. Kay wanted more of the flexibility and creativity of a natural language.

24. Computerized free language indexing is, for all practical purposes, the same as natural language indexing.

25. In technical terms, the index employs an uncontrolled, post-coordinate, simple, natural language in an online interactive computer mode.

26. Such experimental retrieval may be more necessary for searches using the natural language of the document.

27. Semantic net infrastructure A semantic network is a graph where natural language terms have been used to label the nodes and links.

28. In the light of all this, I do not think it premature to put forward an evolutionary scenario for natural language.

29. With this in mind a Grammar Development Environment is provided as an aid to the development of a natural language grammar.

30. But most of his detailed epistemological claims concern adult human perception, which is informed through and through by natural language.

31. Natural language retrieval is the trend of information retrieval.

32. Statements are analogous to sentences in a natural language.

33. Natural Language Generation(NLG) is the subfield of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics that(focuses) on computer system that can produce understandable texts.

34. Therefore, any reasonably designed XML document should reflect certain semantic structure isomorphous to human conceptual structure, and hence expressible by human natural language.

35. Therefore, the representation and acquisition of knowledge play a key information processing and natural language understanding.

36. Finally, introduced the process that the natural language understanding theory applies in the product - design.

37. Coreference resolution plays an important role in natural language processing.

38. Forgive me if I stumble through my explanations of the quite remarkable Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK), a wonderful tool for teaching, and working in, computational linguistics using Python.

38. try its best to collect and create good sentences.

39. A natural language sentence can be transformed into a word tag string or a sentence pattern.

40. File Change Semantics is a formal semantic theory that dynamically describes the meaning of natural language that is developed from the traditional Montague's formal semantics.

41. By the NLIDB, the user input the query of natural language. And how to auto-identify in computer is the key technology of the natural language interface.

42. Touch, voice, natural language input, Smart Phones, Smart PC's, Smart TV's.

43. The central theme is that the analysis of semantic paradigm and syntagm of verbs, the bottleneck in NLP, form the groundwork in natural language information processing.

44. Anaphora resolution is a key step in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and a kernel task in many language engineering applications.

45. This paper introduced a knowledge representation model for multilingual natural language text generation system.

46. The natural language essentially is a self meta-language, therefore(), traditionally it always is compilation tool in the dictionary.

47. Using NLU technology in the database query system and designing NLQID(natural language query interface of database) has become one of the most hopeful applied fields in the research on NLU.

48. Part-of-speech tagging is the task of assigning symbols from a particular set to words in a natural language text.

49. Firstly, The production of this research will provide a study foundation for natural language information operation.

50. Automatic summarization is an important issue in natural language processing.

51. IP addresses can be represented by a natural language convention called domain names.

52. The innovative solution has been already applied to the natural language intelligent network Question Answering system. The application achieved well results.

53. Mining geo-spatial information from natural language not only enriches information sources for Geographic Information System (GIS) but also enhances representability and perceptibility of GIS.

54. This paper presents an approach to the automatic enrichment of lexicon in a natural language understanding system to simulate man's word learning ability.

55. The automatic transcription, annotation and retrieval of broadcasting news requires automatic speech recognition, natural language processing and information retrieval technologies.

56. Two combinable nucleus sentences can be joined to make a expansible sentence. Such expansion in natural language has its own Characteristics:twofold, threefold or even multifold.

57. Maximum entropy model provides a natural language processing method, and proposes a structured program of medical text information combined with standard terminology for health care.

58. Because of the speciality of natural language retrieval (NLR) and the affection of synonym and polysemy in tradition information retrieval model, the precision of retrieval is not high.

59. Maximum Entropy Models for Natural Language Ambiguity Resolution . Ph . D . Dissertation . University of Pennsylvania, pp .6 - 18.

60. Open domain question answering (QA) represents a challenge of natural language processing, aiming at returning exact answers in response to natural language questions.

61. At the time of the rapid development of technology, the ambiguity problem has become one of the bottlenecks of natural language processing.

62. But if one’s already made knowledge computable, one doesn’t need to do that kind of natural language understanding.

63. Through a comparative study of language input between first language acquisition and second language acquisition, some special features of natural language input have been discovered.

64. Word Segmentation is a fundamental problem of the Chinese Natural Language Processing.

65. The parsing technique is one of the key techniques in natural language processing.

66. For automatic natural language processing, the words must be stemmed.

67. Cognitive semantics is an effective approach to analyze the natural language that puts special emphasis on language as an instrument for organizing, processing and conveying information.

68. This paper specifies precise natural language process based on fuzzy description logic as fuzzy PNL question-answering system.

69. Literary language processing deserves its due attention in the current research atmosphere of Natural Language Processing ( NLP ) .

70. Automatic alignment of parallel corpora is an important research subject in natural language processing area.

71. Traditional research in speech - based technology is concentrated on speech recognition,[http:///natural language.html] speech synthesis and natural language understanding.

72. NLP ( Natural Language Processing ) is an important branch of Artificial Intelligence.

73. Identification of translingual equivalence of named entities is substantial to multilingual natural language processing.

74. The computer readable electronic dictionary is the foundation for all natural language processing, especially for the system of machine translation.

75. Polysemy is one of the key characters of natural language.

76. Word Sense Disambiguation ( WSD ) is a difficult issue in many fields of natural language processing, e.

77. The paper mainly discusses the retrieval technique with natural language interface. It contains some key techniques, such as extraction of concept, choice of chunk and combination of concept.

78. "His idea ... was to use an "escape sequence", whereby each natural language had its own registered escape seqence code and associated set ..."

79. Word sense tagging is one of the most difficult problem in natural language processing.

80. QA is a high level application of natural language processing.

81. Finding base noun phrase is very important in the field of natural language processing.

82. The semi-fixed structure is a kind of multiword phenomenon in natural language.

83. This paper discusses human auditory sense in map spatial cognition, which combines cognitive map with natural language and enriches ways to cognize map.

84. Wortklassen recognition is the basis of natural language understanding and analysis.

85. The acquisition of knowledge from natural language text is a very important application of NLP. This technique has great prospect because it can help people search and acquire knowledge efficiently.

86. They reflect the development and evolution trend of lexics, become concerns of Linguistics and make big challenge to Natural Language Processing.

87. And for example we're still very far away from having computers systematically understand large volumes of natural language text on the web.

88. Essentially, the research of Natural Language Understanding should be independent of any specific language.

89. It relates to many domains, such as the natural language technology, computational linguistics, and so on.

90. Weizenbaum, Joseph. "ELIZA ? A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine. " Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 9 (1966).

91. A method of realization of automatic abstracting based on text clustering and natural language understanding is brought forward, aimed at overcoming shortages of some current methods.

92. Facts may take the form of natural language statements or as attributions, relationships, or generalizations within a formal model.

93. In many algorithms, the steps are described using a combination of a natural language and mathematical notation.

94. MP3 I used to make stuff like the natural language interface to play my MP3s.

95. The ambiguity in syntactic structure is a hard stone in natural language parsing.

96. Traditional logic and modern logic have some defects in analyzing the hypothetical proposition of natural language.

97. Japanese syntactic analysis is the kernel content in natural language processing and machine translation.

98. It mainly uses in the software demand stage,[http:///natural language.html] abandoning using the natural language description demand the fuzziness and the ambiguity.

99. The difference between regular data mining and text mining is that in text mining the patterns are extracted from natural language text rather than from structured databases of facts.

100. With the limitation of the natural language understanding technique today, lots of polyphone disambiguation algorithms are rule-based.

101. While it is clear that there are benefits in understanding natural language, what is not clear is how much difference it makes in the quality of the results.

102. Question answering system can provides a precise and concise answer to a natural language query.

103. Natural language interface is one of the most hopeful fields in the research on Natural Language Processing.

104. During the past half century the development of Natural Language Processing has involved such courses as mechanical translation, Natural Language Understanding(), and Information Retrieval.

105. The Association for Computational Linguistics is an international scientific and professional society for people working on problems involving natural language and computation.

106. Accuracy of computer understanding query of natural language is key to quality of the natural language interface.

107. This paper discusses that the use of natural language is the necessary trend in the network environment, but natural language will not be the only retrieval language in the network environment.

108. I used to make stuff like the natural language interface to play my MP3s. Or a thing I made before, this was a Hot or Not program out of everyone's IDs at Harvard, that almost got me kicked out.

109. We adopt a semantic-based rule driven method to cut down redundancy in the text structure tree, which is quite unique and appropriate for natural language generation system.

110. The spoken language translation system can complete the task of automatic translation from speech of one natural language to another through using computers. It has a broad application future.

111. Chinese semanteme is analyzed by using the relevant technologies of natural language understanding and the method of knowledge-information based on semantic network etc.

112. The similarities shown by conjunct heads will help the automatic identification of nominal coordinate structures in natural language text processing.

113. This paper approaches the internal connection of knowledge presentation in search language, natural language, artificial intelligence and psychology.

114. Teacher talk should be a natural language input for students, whose quantity and quality plays a great role in students' English study.

115. ACOPOST - Part-of-speech tagging is the task of assigning symbols from a particular set to words in a natural language text.

116. Researching the natural language communication is an important research field in parallel processing currently.

117. The goal is to build the natural language processing and text mining platform in Tencent.

118. Text classification is a supervised learning task of assigning natural language text documents to one or more predefined categories or classes according to their contents.

119. The Chinese semantic knowledge base system is a very important part of language knowledge engineering of Chinese semantic resource in natural language processing.

120. And at last we build a natural language understanding system - The Aircraft Maintenance Information Standardization System.

121. The specific domain in the paper is background of the natural language interface in Chinese CNLIGW.

122. There is ambiguity phenomenon in natural language and syntactic ambiguity is one type of ambiguity.

123. This wraps up my three-part discussion of how to use the WordNet natural language semantic database in XML and RDF applications.

124. Professor Zhang Qiyu has made remarkable achievements in natural language searching and information retrieval language research.

125. The natural language interface system for controlling space teleoperator in natural language is described.

126. Chinese semantic analysis is the most important and difficult problem of Chinese Natural Language Understanding.

127. The choice is feasible because of the three properties of natural language: variability, negotiability and adaptability.

128. Research on speech recognition error detection and correction by natural language understanding (NLU) method will be an important research direction of improving the performance of speech recognition.

128. is a sentence dictionary, on which you can find good sentences for a large number of words.

129. The representation and application of semantic knowledge is an important factor for Natural Language Processing (NLP).

130. CQAES (Chinese Question-Answer Experimental System) is a chinese natural language understanding system.

131. Speech recognition and natural language processing are technologies still in their infancy.

132. In the field of Natural Language Processing, one important way of acquiring semantic information is Semantic Role labelling (SRL).

133. HQL is a natural language to use for querying objects that require a small learning curve.

134. We shall study and develop all the subjects of logical system, not only the mathematical logic but also logic of natural language, inductive logic, dialectical logic and logic in law.

135. This pap er describes in detail the design methods and realization techniques of a natural language communication and procession module in a multi-agent parallel design environment.

136. Text inference is central to natural language applications. This paper presents an inference method based on HowNet, which organizes knowledge with semantic net and infers with marker passing.

137. Word sense tagging has always been important in natural language processing.

138. It is an intrinsic property of natural language as well as human thinking.

139. Generative semantics linguists diverge from Chomsky's syntax research, and declare that syntax of natural language is related to semantics, which is connected with cognition.

140. Morphological analysis is the foundation task for most natural language processing.

141. Prof Mellish said: 'The system will use a technique called Natural Language Generation, where complex data is translated into simple and understandable text.

142. While in natural language, "or...or..." can also expresses antipathic propositions which can be distinguished from such aspects as semanteme and symbols.

143. Computational complexity of natural language , largely theory , with the application of context-sensitive grammar and linearly - boundedTuring machines.

144. Person deictic words can be found in every natural language.

145. The representation and application of semantic knowledge is an important factor for Natural Language Processing.

146. We report experiments on song lyrics based on natural language processing techniques.

147. In natural language, Listing 1 encapsulates the question "Which professional snowboarder endorses the K2 FatBob?"

148. Word sense disambiguation is one of the difficult problems in natural language processing.

149. The na?ve and bright artistic conception of her poetry comprises her sensitive and exquisite heart and her sententious and natural language.

150. Enhanced maximum matching method and similar string is brought forward to realize the natural language retrieval of teaching resources.

151. Through a series of large-scale evaluations, TDT has become a hot problem for worldwide research in the fields of natural language processing, especially in information retrieval.

152. Natural language interface is one of the most hopeful applied fields in the research on Natural Language Processing.

153. In a natural language, a graphic character that represents an object or a concept and associated sound elements.

154. According to the characteristics of natural language understanding and expert system of network fault diagnosis, the extended production rule was presented.

155. Zhuodaluowa also noted that the natural language is created, but not scheduled.

156. In a natural language, a graphic character that represents an object or a concept and associated sound elements. Example: A Chinese ideogram or a Japanese Kanji.

157. In addition, proper names recognition give prop to the natural language processing in the field of information extraction, question answering system and so on.

158. The quantitative research of semantic relation between words is an essential subtask for some natural language processing task.

158. try its best to gather and make good sentences.

159. Due to the uncertainty of the natural language meaning and difficulties of the semantic formalization, semantic processing becomes the key problem of Natural Language Processing.

160. Formal semantics of natural language research is an important Chinese information processing. Information processing is also facing a major task for Chinese studies.

161. Computational linguists teach computer systems how to process natural language.

162. The accuracy of computer understanding query of natural language is key to the quality of the natural language interface.

163. Development of a semi - automatic natural language translation system.

164. If your target is the end player, a more natural language or graphical approach might be beneficial.

165. Natural language is an effective tool to express ideas. It is a sententious and effective method to express the semantic information of images.

166. The purpose of putting forward the concept of "relevant implication" is mainly to analyze the hypothetical proposition of natural language.

167. Here, we have the same paradox as that of a natural language which is at the same time the last, the highest metalanguage .

168. Apart from my natural language, I speak English and French.

169. These types of systems include advanced natural language processing systems that can discover new terms and relationships by analyzing content (such as document text in ECM systems).

170. In any case , the programming of a natural language recognition engine is beyond the capabilities and budget of your average programming team.

171. Areas of emphasis include: artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and pattern and voice recognition.

172. This class introduces students to the basics of Artificial Intelligence, which includes machine learning, probabilistic reasoning, robotics, and natural language processing...

173. Identification of translingual equivalence of named entities is substantial to natural language processing.

174. American philosopher Paul Grice concluded that natural language had its own logic.

175. Annotation is the keystone of the knowledge representation of any natural language processing ( NLP ) research.

176. Question Answering System for Reading Comprehension (QARC) can automatically analyze a passage of natural language text and generate an answer for each question based on information in the passage.

177. The act of enabling a computer to recognize utterances of a natural language.

178. This paper reports the preliminary development of a continually building Natural Language Understanding System.

179. Cognitive physics, from the perspective of natural language, focuses on the thinking process that is from quantity to quality and from data to knowledge as well as the organization of information.

180. As an example, a natural language interface(NLI) having a limited subset of English to a specific expert system for database design (ERGTORS) is designed and implemented with TURBO PROLOG on IBM PC.

181. AI 21 century logic common sense inference inductive logic intentional logic logic of natural language.

182. On the other hand, parsing is the good exploration of the structure of natural language, can unclose some secret of human language. It also have significance to the AI.

183. CIP aims to be a natural language processing suit of Chinese.

184. But the difficulties in understanding natural language enable the Chinese interface of querying database slowly to achieve the practical level.

185. Semantic Analysis has played such an important role in Natural language understanding.

186. Spelling correction is one of the hot spots in recent natural language processing research.

187. Traditionally, computational linguistics was usually performed by computer scientists who had specialized in the application of computers to the processing of a natural language.

188. This paper focuses on the phenomenon of noun omission in the natural language understanding system. And then it explores the applications of noun omission and recovery in electronic product design.