(1) In 1925, Yudin published the book "Spinal Anesthesia".

(2) Spinal anesthesia provided by tetracaine and bupivacaine has been associated with recovery room stays as long as 6–8 hours.

(3) Spinal anesthesia results from the infection of a local anesthetic into the cerebrospinal fluid.

(4) Wildsmith JAW. Predicting the sprend of spinal anesthesia . Br J Anaesth 1989, 6:353.

(5) Anesthesiologists started spinal anesthesia in the holding area instead of the operating room.

(6) Objective:To evaluate the effect of unilateral spinal anesthesia during total hip joint replacement in elder patients with cardiovascular abnormality.

(7) There are several complications of spinal anesthesia. Headache is the most common and is seen most frequently in young patients.

(8) General or spinal anesthesia is used, and a catheter remains for up to seven days after the surgery.

(9) Aim To explore the effect of application of L-Bupivacainum (LBUP) to subarachnoid space block anesthesia(spinal anesthesia).

(10) Conclusions Patients who undergo fixation of an ankle fracture under spinal anesthesia seem to experience less pain and have better function in the early postoperative period.

(11) IMPLICATIONS: Trendelenburg position, infusion of 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution or infusion of lactated Ringer's solution, each prevented a decrease of cardiac output after spinal anesthesia.

(12) Objective To reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the application of isobaric and hyperbaric local anesthetic in spinal anesthesia so as to provide reference for clinical practice.

(13) We recommend that, unless there is a specific contraindication, patients should be offered spinal anesthesia when undergoing operative fixation of an ankle fracture.

(14) A number of reports have appeared implicating neurotoxicity of local anesthetics as a possible cause of neurologic complications after spinal anesthesia.

(15) Complications from epidural anesthesia are the as those for spinal anesthesia, with the exception of headache.

(16) Dural puncture is the common accident and complication of epidural anesthesia, of which the common symptom is headache besides higher blocked level than expected and even spinal anesthesia.

(17) Conclusion: There are better effect of anesthesia and lower incidence of hypopiesia and fewer side effects in spinal anesthesia with lower-dose bupivacaine-fentanyl for urgent cesarean section.

(18) This technique is most often performed under a general anesthetic but in certain situations may be done under local anesthesia with sedation or spinal anesthesia.

(19) Complications from epidural anesthesia are the same as those for spinal anesthesia, with the exception of headache.

(20) This operation is usually performed with general anesthesia or occasionally using regional or spinal anesthesia.

(21) The morbidity of intraoperative cardiovascular complication in patients with spinal anesthesia is higher than that with general of local anesthesia.

(22) This paper reviewed the mechanism for the failure of spinal anesthesia and corresponding prevention and treatment.